Mutations & Pedigrees

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome, which can lead to changes in traits or functions.

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What is nondisjunction?

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Nondisjunction is a type of mutation where chromosomes fail to separate correctly during anaphase, leading to gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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What are gene mutations?

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Gene mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, which can occur during DNA replication.

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What is duplication in the context of mutations?

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Duplication is a type of mutation that results in the repetition of a segment of DNA, leading to an increase in the size of a chromosome.

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What is the difference between insertion and deletion mutations?

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Insertion mutations add one or more nucleotide pairs into a DNA sequence, while deletion mutations remove one or more nucleotide pairs.

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What is a carrier in genetics?

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A carrier is an individual who has one copy of a recessive allele that does not manifest in their phenotype but can be passed to offspring.

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What is translocation in genetics?

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Translocation is a mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another, either within the same chromosome or to a different chromosome.

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What are the main causes of mutations?

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Mutations can be caused by errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation, chemicals, and certain viruses.

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What is the role of meiosis in mutations?

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Meiosis can lead to mutations through errors in chromosome segregation, such as nondisjunction.

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What is the significance of mutations in evolution?

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Mutations introduce genetic variation, which is essential for natural selection and evolution.