Non-specific Animal Responses

Front

What is the role of mucous membranes in the airways of the gaseous exchange system?

Back

To line the airways and trap pathogens.

Front

How do cytokines affect the hypothalamus when a pathogen invades the body?

Back

They stimulate the hypothalamus to increase body temperature.

Front

What is the primary characteristic of non-specific animal defenses against pathogens?

Back

They are always present or activated very rapidly.

Front

What do pathogens produce to attract phagocytes?

Back

Chemicals.

Front

Which substance in tears helps destroy bacterial and fungal cell walls?

Back

Lysozymes.

Front

Define non-specific animal responses.

Back

Responses that are not tailored to specific pathogens and act quickly to provide immediate defense.

Front

What is the function of phagocytes in the immune response?

Back

To engulf and digest pathogens.

Front

What is the role of lysozymes in the immune system?

Back

To break down bacterial cell walls, aiding in the destruction of bacteria.

Front

Explain the term 'pathogen'.

Back

An organism that causes disease, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

Front

What is the significance of the inflammatory response?

Back

It is a non-specific defense mechanism that helps isolate and eliminate pathogens.