Biology Part I Genetics Vocabulary Flashcard

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Different forms of a gene

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Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

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The inheritance pattern when two different alleles are fully expressed in a phenotype (A & B blood type alleles)

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Codominance is a type of inheritance where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive.

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The physical characteristic of an organism (the observable and detectable characteristics of an individual organism)

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Phenotype refers to the observable traits of an organism, such as height, eye color, and blood type.

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The study of gene structure and action and the patterns of inheritance of traits from parents to offspring

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Genetics is the branch of biology that studies genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.

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The likelihood that something will happen

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Probability is a measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur, often expressed as a fraction or percentage.

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The genetic makeup of an organism, consisting of alleles inherited from both parents

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Genotype refers to the genetic constitution of an individual, which determines specific traits.

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A trait that is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present

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Dominant traits are those that are expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present.

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A trait that is only expressed when two recessive alleles are present

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Recessive traits are expressed in the phenotype only when an individual has two copies of the recessive allele.

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A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene from one generation to the next

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A pedigree is a family tree that outlines the inheritance of traits across generations.

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The interaction of multiple genes to influence a single trait

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Polygenic inheritance is when multiple genes contribute to a single phenotype, such as skin color or height.