Category 1: Matter and Energy

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Chemical Change

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A type of change in which a new substance is made from one or more previous substances; occurs during a chemical reaction; a change where the atoms of the original substances are rearranged to make new elements and/or compounds.

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Chemical Equation

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Describes a chemical reaction and includes all of the reactants and all of the products of the reaction.

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Chemical Reaction

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A chemical change that occurs when two or more substances combine to form a new substance; the rearrangement of atoms to produce new compounds.

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Closed System

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A physical system that does not allow transfer of matter in or out, although energy can flow into and out of the system.

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Law of Conservation of Mass

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In chemical changes, the total mass of the materials does not change (nor does the type and number of atoms); the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.

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Mass

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The amount of matter in a substance, measured in grams or kilograms.

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Matter

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The smallest particles of matter that have distinct physical and chemical properties; consist of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons and an electron cloud which contains electrons.

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Photosynthesis

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The chemical process carried out in chloroplasts by which plants produce their own food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water using chlorophyll and sunlight for energy.

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Properties

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Observable characteristics of matter that can be used to identify particular materials.