Microbiology Exam 5

Front

What are ACE2 receptors?

Back

ACE2 receptors are proteins found on the surface of cells, particularly in the lungs and blood vessels, that serve as entry points for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19.

Front

Why does COVID-19 primarily infect the lungs and blood vessels?

Back

COVID-19 primarily infects the lungs and blood vessels because ACE2 receptors are most abundant in these areas.

Front

What classification of toxin is tetanus?

Back

Tetanus is classified as a type three toxin.

Front

What are type 1 toxins?

Back

Type 1 toxins are toxins that bind to receptors on host cells, amplifying signals inside the cell that can lead to cell death.

Front

How do fluoroquinolones work?

Back

Fluoroquinolones work by blocking DNA replication in bacteria.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in bacteria?

Back

Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the effect of blocking folic acid synthesis in bacteria?

Back

Blocking folic acid synthesis stops bacteria from growing and reproducing.

Front

What is the mechanism of action for type two toxins?

Back

Type two toxins typically break open holes in the membranes of host cells, leading to cell lysis.

Front

What is the significance of blocking cell wall synthesis in bacteria?

Back

Blocking cell wall synthesis weakens bacterial cells, making them more susceptible to lysis and death.

Front

What is the function of enzymes that build cell wall materials in bacteria?

Back

These enzymes are crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of bacterial cell walls, which protect the cell from environmental stress.