Pharm Mod D

Front

A patient newly prescribed lisinopril asks how the medication works. Which of the following is the best explanation by the nurse? It increases the production of angiotensin II, leading to improved blood pressure control. It blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation It directly stimulates aldosterone secretion, which lowers blood pressure It constricts the blood vessels to reduce strain on the heart

Back

It blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation

Answer explanation

Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor that blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, leading to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure.

Front

Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for in a patient taking lisinopril? Hypernatremia and bradycardia, Constipation and vision changes, Dry cough and angioedema, Insomnia and increased appetite

Back

Dry cough and angioedema

Answer explanation

ACE inhibitors commonly cause a dry cough and may lead to angioedema, which is potentially life-threatening.

Front

A nurse is reviewing the medication list for a patient taking lisinopril. Which lab value would be most concerning? Sodium: 138 mEq/L, Potassium: 5.8 mEq/L, Hemoglobin: 13.2 g/dL, Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dL

Back

Potassium: 5.8 mEq/L

Answer explanation

Lisinopril can cause hyperkalemia. A potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L is elevated and requires monitoring or intervention.

Front

A nurse is preparing to administer lisinopril to a female patient of childbearing age. Which action is most appropriate?

Back

Confirm the patient is using effective contraception

Answer explanation

ACE inhibitors like lisinopril are teratogenic and can harm a developing fetus. Patients of childbearing age should use contraception.

Front

Lisinopril is ordered for a patient with heart failure. The nurse should monitor for which beneficial effect of the medication?

Back

Reduced shortness of breath

Answer explanation

In heart failure, ACE inhibitors like lisinopril help reduce symptoms like dyspnea by decreasing afterload and improving cardiac output.

Front

A nurse is teaching a patient about clonidine for hypertension. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? I should rise slowly from sitting or lying positions. I can stop taking this medication once my blood pressure improves. I might feel sleepy when I first start this medication. Dry mouth may occur while taking this medication

Back

I can stop taking this medication once my blood pressure improves.

Answer explanation

Stopping clonidine abruptly can cause rebound hypertension. It must be tapered gradually

Front

Which of the following is the priority nursing assessment for a patient newly prescribed clonidine? Lung sounds and respiratory rate, Temperature and white blood cell count, Blood pressure and heart rate, Capillary blood glucose levels

Back

Blood pressure and heart rate

Answer explanation

Clonidine affects blood pressure and heart rate due to its antihypertensive effects and risk for bradycardia and hypotension

Front

Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse expect in a patient taking clonidine? Diarrhea and tachycardia, Sedation and dry mouth, Urinary retention and blurred vision, Hyperactivity and weight loss

Back

Sedation and dry mouth

Answer explanation

Common adverse effects of clonidine include sedation and dry mouth.

Front

A patient is prescribed clonidine for opioid withdrawal. What nursing responsibility is most appropriate?

Back

Taper the dose gradually to avoid rebound hypertension

Answer explanation

Sudden discontinuation of clonidine can lead to rebound hypertension. Tapering is essential.

Front

A patient taking clonidine complains of dizziness upon standing. Which patient education point is most appropriate?

Back

To minimize dizziness, change positions slowly

Answer explanation

Clonidine can cause hypotension. Patients should be taught to move slowly to avoid orthostatic effects