Macroevolution (Speciation)

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Divergent Evolution

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A process in which two or more related species become more dissimilar as they adapt to different environments, often resulting from a common ancestor.

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Convergent Evolution

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A process where unrelated species evolve similar traits or adaptations due to similar environmental pressures, despite not sharing a common ancestor.

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Mechanical Isolation

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A type of reproductive barrier where differences in the physical structures of reproductive organs prevent successful mating between species.

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Co-evolution

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The process where two or more species influence each other's evolution, often seen in predator-prey or mutualistic relationships.

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Reproductive Isolation

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A condition that prevents two populations from interbreeding and producing fertile offspring, which is essential for speciation.

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Homologous Structures

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Anatomical features in different species that share a common ancestry but may serve different functions, indicating divergent evolution.

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Vestigial Organs

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Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution, such as the human appendix.

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Speciation

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The evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species, often due to reproductive isolation.

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Behavioral Isolation

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A type of reproductive barrier where differences in mating behaviors or rituals prevent species from interbreeding.

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Temporal Isolation

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A reproductive barrier where species breed at different times, preventing mating even if they live in the same area.