DNA Structure and Mutations

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What is the structure of DNA?

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DNA is a double helix composed of two strands of nucleotides, which include a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

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What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

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The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).

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What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

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Complementary base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases: adenine pairs with thymine (A-T) and cytosine pairs with guanine (C-G).

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What are the types of mutations?

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The main types of mutations are point mutations, insertions, deletions, and duplications.

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How can mutations affect an organism?

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Mutations can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral, affecting an organism's traits and survival.

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What is the significance of mutations in evolution?

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Mutations introduce genetic variation, which is essential for natural selection and evolution.

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What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?

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DNA contains the instructions for synthesizing proteins through the processes of transcription and translation.

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What is transcription?

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Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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What is translation?

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Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins based on the sequence of mRNA.