2013 Released AP Exam (Public)

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What is apoptosis?

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Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms, characterized by a series of biochemical events leading to cell changes and death.

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What role does apoptosis play in embryonic development?

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Apoptosis helps in the remodeling of tissues, such as the development of individual digits in the vertebrate forelimb by eliminating excess cells.

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What is photosynthesis?

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

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What is the significance of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

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Chlorophyll is a pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, which is essential for the photosynthesis process.

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What is the function of DCPIP in photosynthesis experiments?

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DCPIP (2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol) is used as an electron acceptor in photosynthesis experiments to measure the rate of electron transfer.

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What is selective advantage in genetics?

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Selective advantage refers to a genetic trait that increases an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in a specific environment.

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How does the HbS allele provide resistance to malaria?

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Individuals with one copy of the HbS allele (sickle cell trait) have some protection against malaria because the malaria parasite has difficulty surviving in sickle-shaped red blood cells.

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What is ATP and its role in cellular processes?

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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various cellular processes, including active transport.

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What is active transport?

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Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, requiring energy, usually from ATP.

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What is facilitated diffusion?

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Facilitated diffusion is the process of passive transport of molecules across a cell membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.