Acronym to help remember rhetorical situation: Speaker, Purpose, Audience, Context, Exigence

Qualities of an argument that make it persuasive: NOT rhetorical choices, but the EFFECT of rhetorical choices. The three major appeals are ethos (character), logos (reason), and pathos (emotion).

Appeal to credibility and shared beliefs (speaker-centered)

Appeal to emotion (audience-centered)

Appeal to logic (subject-centered)

An assertion, usually supported by evidence

An acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. ("It is true that...")

To prove an opposing argument to be wrong or false

Methods of Development

Approaches writers use to develop arguments

Real-life experiences to offer reflections and insights

Comparisons to make concepts more understandable

Specific examples supporting an argument

Reference to history, literature, art, or religion

Hypothetical Situations

Imagined scenarios to illustrate ideas

Quotations from subject experts for credibility

Curated feedback from personally impacted individuals

Figure of speech in form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer.

Discussion of research or studies with numerical data

Presenting causes and their effects or consequences

Establishing a problem and offering solutions

Presenting similarities or differences between objects

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.

Writer's choice of words, considering connotations

The dictionary definition of a word

An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.

Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence.

How the words are arranged; includes sentence structure and length

Specifics chosen to include or omit in the text

Sensory language evoking strong senses

Parallelism/parallel structure

The repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures; useful for listing, massing evidence or inviting comparisons

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.

Variations in syntax (length and structure of sentences) to slow down or speed up time for reader to read/process sentences

The joining of two sentences or parts of a sentence together to show that one part is more important than the other. These two parts of a sentence, the main clause and the dependent clause, are merged together using a subordinating conjunction.

The joining of words, phrases, or clauses of the same type to give them equal emphasis and importance. Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) are used to give equal weight

Non-literal language that uses comparison or exaggeration (similes, metaphors, personification, hyperbole)

Figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as; says one thing IS another.

Figure of speech that compares two things using like or as.

Attribution of a human quality to an inanimate object or idea.

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken seriously

Writer's attitude toward the subject

Intended meaning opposite of literal meaning/ Sarcasm

Incongruity arising from the difference between the expected outcome/situation and the actual outcome/situation

Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another.

The face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience; may be different from author/speaker ("A Modest Proposal")

Rhetoric and Writing Concepts Flashcards

Student preview

62 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Rhetoric

Back

The art of effective and persuasive speaking and writing

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Rhetorical Situation

Back

Unique circumstances shaping rhetoric; not controlled by writers

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Speaker

Back

The writer/author/persona creating the text

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Purpose

Back

The intended goal or reaction to the text

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Audience

Back

Intended listeners/receivers of the text

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Context

Back

Time, place, and 'climate' of the text

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Exigence

Back

Issue or situation prompting writing or speaking

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