CHEM1B CHAPTER 11 FLASHCARD

Front

What is boiling point elevation?

Back

Boiling point elevation is the increase in the boiling point of a solvent when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it. It is a colligative property, depending on the number of solute particles in the solution.

Front

What is the formula for calculating boiling point elevation?

Back

The formula is: ΔT_b = i * K_b * m, where ΔT_b is the boiling point elevation, i is the van 't Hoff factor, K_b is the ebullioscopic constant of the solvent, and m is the molality of the solution.

Front

What is the ebullioscopic constant (K_b)?

Back

The ebullioscopic constant (K_b) is a property of a solvent that indicates how much the boiling point of the solvent increases per molal concentration of a non-volatile solute.

Front

What is vapor pressure?

Back

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature.

Front

How does temperature affect vapor pressure?

Back

Vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature because more molecules have enough energy to escape the liquid phase and enter the vapor phase.

Front

What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and vapor pressure?

Back

Stronger intermolecular forces result in lower vapor pressure because fewer molecules can escape into the vapor phase.

Front

What is the normal boiling point?

Back

The normal boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure (1 atm).

Front

What is the significance of the enthalpy of vaporization?

Back

The enthalpy of vaporization is the amount of energy required to convert a unit mass of a liquid into vapor at constant temperature and pressure.

Front

What is a colligative property?

Back

Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in a given amount of solvent, not on the identity of the solute.

Front

What is the effect of a non-volatile solute on the boiling point of a solvent?

Back

A non-volatile solute raises the boiling point of the solvent, resulting in boiling point elevation.