2.1 Perception

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Perception

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The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to recognize meaningful objects and events.

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Top-Down Processing

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Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations.

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Bottom-up Processing

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Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.

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Schemas

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Concepts or mental frameworks that organize and interpret information.

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Perceptual Sets

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A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

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Gestalt Psychology

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A psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts.

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Closure

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The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete.

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Figure/Ground

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The organization of the visual field into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surroundings (the ground).

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Proximity

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A Gestalt principle of organization holding that objects or events that are near to one another (in space or time) are perceived as belonging together as a unit.

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Similarity

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A Gestalt principle of organization that states that similar things appear to be grouped together.