4.5 Social-Cognitive and Trait Theories

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Social-cognitive theory

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A theory of psychology that emphasizes the importance of observational learning, imitation, and modeling in behavior.

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Reciprocal determinism

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The concept that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.

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Self-efficacy

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An individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

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Self-esteem

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A person's overall sense of self-worth or personal value.

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Self-concept

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An idea of the self constructed from the beliefs one holds about oneself and the responses of others.

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Trait theories

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Approaches in psychology that study human personality through the measurement of traits, which are habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion.

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Big 5 Theory of Personality (OCEAN)

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A model based on common language descriptors of personality, which includes Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

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Personality inventories

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Questionnaires or other standardized instruments designed to reveal aspects of an individual's character or psychological makeup.

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Factor Analysis

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A statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of fewer unobserved variables called factors.