Surveys, Experiments, and Observational Studies

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What is an Observational Study?

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An Observational Study is a research method where the researcher observes subjects in their natural environment without manipulating any variables. It is used to identify relationships or patterns.

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What is an Experiment?

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An Experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to determine their effect on another variable, often involving a control group and an experimental group.

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What is a Survey?

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A Survey is a method of data collection that involves asking questions to a sample of individuals from a population to gather information about their opinions, behaviors, or characteristics.

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What is the purpose of a Control Group in an Experiment?

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The Control Group is used as a baseline to compare the effects of the experimental treatment. It does not receive the treatment being tested.

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What is a Sample in research?

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A Sample is a subset of individuals selected from a larger population, used to represent the population in a study.

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What is the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative data?

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Qualitative data describes characteristics or qualities (e.g., colors, opinions), while Quantitative data involves numerical values that can be measured (e.g., height, weight).

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What is a Variable in research?

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A Variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types and can be measured or controlled in an experiment.

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What is a Placebo?

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A Placebo is a substance with no therapeutic effect, often used in experiments to compare against the actual treatment to assess its effectiveness.

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What is the significance of Random Sampling?

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Random Sampling ensures that every individual in a population has an equal chance of being selected, which helps to eliminate bias and improve the validity of the results.

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What is a Hypothesis?

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A Hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.