Key Concepts in Modern Chinese History and Politics

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Confucianism

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A philosophical and ethical system based on the teachings of Confucius, emphasizing moral integrity, social harmony, and respect for hierarchy.

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Great Leap Forward

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An economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China from 1958 to 1962, aimed at rapidly transforming the country from an agrarian society into a socialist society through rapid industrialization and collectivization.

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Cultural Revolution

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A sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 to 1976, initiated by Mao Zedong, aiming to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society.

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Tiananmen Square Protests

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A series of protests in 1989, led by students in Beijing, calling for political reform, freedom of speech, and democracy, which were violently suppressed by the government.

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Special Economic Zones

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Designated areas in China with more liberal economic policies, aimed at attracting foreign investment and technology to boost economic growth.

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State Owned Enterprises

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Businesses owned and operated by the government, playing a significant role in China's economy, especially in key sectors.

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Made in China 2025

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A strategic plan by the Chinese government to upgrade the manufacturing capabilities of Chinese industries, aiming to move the country up the value chain and reduce reliance on foreign technology.

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Poverty Alleviation

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Efforts and policies implemented by the Chinese government to reduce poverty and improve living standards, particularly in rural areas.

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National People's Congress

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The national legislature of the People's Republic of China, responsible for enacting laws, approving the budget, and overseeing the government.

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State Council

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The chief administrative authority of China, headed by the Premier, responsible for implementing laws and policies.