Theories of Arousal and Performance

Front

Identify theories X and Y based on the relationship between arousal and performance.

Back

X: Drive theory Y: Inverted U theory

Answer explanation

Drive theory posits that increased arousal enhances performance, while Inverted U theory suggests an optimal arousal level for peak performance. Thus, X is Drive theory and Y is Inverted U theory.

Front

What is social inhibition?

Back

The negative effect of the presence of others on performance

Answer explanation

Social inhibition refers to the negative effect of the presence of others on performance, where individuals may perform worse due to anxiety or self-consciousness when being observed.

Front

A performer with a 'need to achieve' (Nach) personality often demonstrates which type of behaviour?

Back

Approach behaviour

Answer explanation

A performer with a 'need to achieve' (Nach) personality typically exhibits approach behaviour, as they actively seek challenges and opportunities to succeed rather than avoiding them.

Front

Characteristics of an individual with a need to achieve (Nach) personality.

Back

High persistence, low anxiety, and preference for challenging tasks

Answer explanation

Individuals with a need to achieve (Nach) typically exhibit high persistence, low anxiety, and a preference for challenging tasks. They thrive on overcoming obstacles, which drives their motivation and success.

Front

Outline the autocratic and laissez-faire styles of leadership.

Back

Autocratic: Strict control; Laissez-faire: Hands-off approach

Answer explanation

The autocratic style is characterized by strict control, where the leader makes decisions unilaterally. In contrast, the laissez-faire style adopts a hands-off approach, allowing team members to make decisions with minimal interference.

Front

What psychological and physiological states is the player experiencing?

Back

Negative thoughts, increased heart rate, and muscular tension

Answer explanation

The player is likely under stress, leading to negative thoughts, an increased heart rate, and muscular tension. This combination indicates a state of anxiety or pressure, making the first choice the correct answer.

Front

What event was Mo Farah preparing for according to the text?

Back

2017 World Championships

Answer explanation

Mo Farah was preparing for the 2017 World Championships, as indicated in the text. This event is crucial for athletes aiming to compete at a high level, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

Front

‘A nervous response to a specific sporting situation.’ Which type of anxiety does this statement best describe?

Back

Competitive state anxiety

Answer explanation

The statement describes a temporary and specific reaction to a sporting event, which aligns with competitive state anxiety. This type of anxiety occurs in response to particular competitive situations, unlike trait anxiety, which is more stable.

Front

Which one of these is an example of an intangible reward? Certificate, Money, Praise, Trophy

Back

Praise

Answer explanation

Praise is an intangible reward as it cannot be physically touched or quantified, unlike a certificate, money, or trophy, which are tangible items. Praise recognizes effort and achievement on a personal level.

Front

Possible impact of an audience on a performer in the cognitive stage of learning.

Back

Increases anxiety and decreases performance

Answer explanation

In the cognitive stage of learning, performers may feel increased anxiety due to audience presence, which can hinder their performance. Thus, the correct choice is that it increases anxiety and decreases performance.