DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

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What is DNA?

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. It is composed of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

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What is RNA?

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a single-stranded molecule that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins. It acts as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA.

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What is the process of transcription?

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Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

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What is the process of translation?

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Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of amino acids, forming a protein.

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What are codons?

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Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

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Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

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Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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Where does translation occur in eukaryotic cells?

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Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, specifically on ribosomes.

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What are ribosomes?

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Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

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What is a peptide bond?

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A peptide bond is a covalent bond that links amino acids together in a protein.

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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA (transfer RNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the codons in mRNA.