Biology final exam review semester 2

Front

What are the four conditions necessary for natural selection to occur?

Back

Variation, adaptation, overproduction of offspring, descent with modification.

Front

What process uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins?

Back

Translation.

Front

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream?

Back

Small intestine.

Front

What is the main function of the large intestine?

Back

To remove water from undigested matter and form solid waste.

Front

What is the form of a gene that is always expressed if present?

Back

Dominant.

Front

What is the definition of mutation in biology?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism.

Front

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

Define adaptation in the context of natural selection.

Back

A trait that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles are expressed in the phenotype if present, while recessive alleles are only expressed if two copies are present.

Front

What is the significance of variation in a population?

Back

Variation provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon.