Week 1 Objective 1 Urinary System Anatomy and Physiology Flashcard

Front

What are the structures of the Urologic System? Options: Kidneys, Nephrons, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra, Heart, Lungs, Liver, Stomach, Bones, Muscles, Skin, Hair

Back

Kidneys, Nephrons, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra

Answer explanation

The Urologic System includes the kidneys, nephrons, ureters, bladder, and urethra, which are essential for urine production and excretion. The other options list organs from different systems, making them incorrect.

Front

What is the function of the kidneys in terms of fluid balance regulation?

Back

Filter blood, control fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance

Answer explanation

The kidneys filter blood to remove waste and excess substances, regulating fluid balance, electrolytes, and acid-base levels, making the first answer choice correct.

Front

What hormones are involved in fluid balance regulation? Options: Aldosterone, ADH, ANP, BNP, erythropoietin, calcitriol, Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline, Thyroxine, cortisol, estrogen

Back

Aldosterone, ADH, ANP, BNP, erythropoietin, calcitriol

Answer explanation

Aldosterone, ADH, ANP, BNP, erythropoietin, and calcitriol are key hormones that regulate fluid balance by controlling water retention, blood pressure, and electrolyte levels, making this the correct choice.

Front

What changes occur in the urinary system with aging? Options: Decreased kidney size, blood flow, GFR, hormone output, Increased muscle mass, bone density, Improved vision and hearing

Back

Decreased kidney size, blood flow, GFR, hormone output

Answer explanation

With aging, the urinary system experiences decreased kidney size, reduced blood flow, lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and diminished hormone output, affecting overall kidney function.

Front

What should LPNs monitor in terms of urinary output?

Back

Report output <30 mL/hr

Answer explanation

LPNs should report urinary output less than 30 mL/hr as it indicates potential renal impairment or dehydration. Monitoring this threshold is crucial for patient safety and timely intervention.

Front

Identify the structure labelled "A" in the diagram.

Back

Kidney

Answer explanation

The structure labelled 'A' is the kidney, which is responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. The ureter, bladder, and urethra are part of the urinary system but do not perform the same function as the kidney.

Front

Which of the following best describes the function of the ureters? Filter blood to form urine, Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, Store urine until elimination

Back

Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Answer explanation

The ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. They do not filter blood or store urine, making 'Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder' the correct description of their function.

Front

Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water and reduce urine output?

Back

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer explanation

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb water, which decreases urine output. This hormone plays a crucial role in regulating the body's water balance.

Front

What is the primary function of the bladder in the urinary system?

Back

Store urine until it is excreted

Answer explanation

The primary function of the bladder is to store urine until it is excreted. It acts as a reservoir, allowing the body to control the timing of urination.

Front

Which structure carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?

Back

Urethra

Answer explanation

The urethra is the structure that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, while nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys.