Fundamentals of Anthropology

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What does anthropology aim to achieve?

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A global understanding of humanity, covering the object in its geographical and historical extent.

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What is the 'cultural other' in anthropology?

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The 'cultural other' refers to groups or societies that are different from the researcher’s own culture.

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What is the difference between 'other different' and 'other similar'?

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'Other different' refers to cultures that the researcher knows nothing about, while 'other similar' refers to cultures that the researcher shares some familiarity with but still recognizes as different.

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What is the concept of alterity?

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Alterity is the condition of being 'other' and involves understanding the perspectives and interests of another culture.

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How does alterity contribute to understanding cultural differences?

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It fosters dialogue and peaceful relationships by encouraging individuals to understand and accept differences.

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What is the relationship between culture and civilization according to Norbert Elias?

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Culture was historically linked to civilization, which was seen as the advancement of Western society over others.

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How did the definition of culture evolve in the 18th century?

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Culture began to be identified with civilization, encompassing the achievements of modern society.

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What did Taylor define as culture?

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A complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and capabilities acquired by individuals in society.

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What was the perspective of early anthropologists on culture?

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They often viewed culture in an ethnocentric way, ranking cultures in a hierarchy.

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What did Franz Boas contribute to anthropology?

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He emphasized studying cultures from within and introduced the concept of fieldwork.