IB Economics: Barriers to Growth and Development

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What is the purpose of the Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)?

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To adjust the Human Development Index for inequality in each dimension

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What does the Gender Inequality Index (GII) specifically measure?

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Inequalities between genders in health, education, and the labor market

Front

Which composite indicator measures how well nations are doing at achieving long, happy, and sustainable lives for their people?

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Happy Planet Index (HPI)

Front

According to the UN Development Programme, which type of growth is characterized by employment opportunities for the poor not expanding?

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Jobless growth

Front

Which type of growth described by the UNDP highlights that economic growth can occur without improvements in areas such as employment, equity, sustainability, or participation?

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Jobless, ruthless, futureless, or voiceless growth

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Which of the following is NOT one of the four types of growth that impede the development process, as described by the UN Development Programme? Jobless growth, Ruthless growth, Sustainable growth, Voiceless growth

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Sustainable growth

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If a country has a higher HDI than GNI per capita rank, what does this imply about the country's development?

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The country has a higher level of human development than its income suggests.

Front

What best describes the poverty cycle?

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A situation where low income leads to low saving, low investment, and low productivity, which in turn leads back to low income.

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How does rising economic inequality act as a barrier to growth and development?

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It deprives the economy of skills and talents by limiting access to education and health services for the poor.

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Why does lack of access to infrastructure limit growth and development prospects in developing countries?

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It increases transportation costs and limits access to local markets, schools, and health facilities.