Scientific Concepts and Methods

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Inference

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A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience.

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Observation

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Carefully watching and recording information about someone or something.

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Independent variable/Manipulated Variable

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The variable that the experimenter decides to change to see if there is or is not an effect.

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Dependent Variable/Responding Variable

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The variable that is observed and that changes in response to the independent (manipulated) variable.

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Indirect Observation

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An observation made by observing the effects on the present surrounding. Inferring what you observe and what others observe.

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Direct Observation

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Observation made by using your senses (hear, see, touch, taste, feel).

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Scientific Method Steps

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Question, Research, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analyze the Data, Conclusion.

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Question (Problem)

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A statement that requires an answer.

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Research

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The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.

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Hypothesis

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An educated guess.