Reproduction of Organisms

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Heredity Noun

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[huh-red-i-tee]

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Heredity

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The passing of traits from parents to offspring through their genes.

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Example: The image shows how traits are passed from parent plants to offspring through cross-pollination, illustrating heredity.

Front

Genetics Noun

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[juh-NEH-tihks]

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Genetics

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The scientific study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.

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Example: The image shows a cell with chromosomes and DNA, explaining how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring.

Front

Trait Noun

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[trayt]

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Trait

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A specific characteristic of an organism, such as hair color, eye color, or height.

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Example: The image shows how traits like flower color are inherited in pea plants through selective breeding.

Front

True-breeding Plant Noun

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[troo-breed-ing plant]

Back

True-breeding Plant

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A plant that always produces offspring with traits that match the parent when it self-pollinates.

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Example: This image shows a pea plant self-pollinating and producing identical offspring, demonstrating true-breeding.

Front

Hybrid Noun

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[hy-brid]

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Hybrid

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An offspring resulting from true-breeding parent plants that have different forms of the same trait.

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Example: Cross-pollination between different flower colors creates hybrid offspring with mixed traits.

Front

Gene Noun

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[JEEN]

Back

Gene

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A section on a chromosome that contains the genetic information for one specific trait.

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Example: A gene is shown as a section of DNA on a chromosome inside a cell.

Front

Allele Noun

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[uh-LEEL]

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Allele

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One of the different forms or variations of a particular gene.

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Example: The image shows different forms of a gene (alleles) on chromosomes, explaining homozygous and heterozygous pairs.

Front

Dominant Trait Noun

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[DAH-muh-nunt trayt]

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Dominant Trait

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A genetic factor that masks or blocks another genetic factor from being expressed.

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Example: Dominant gene 'A' masks recessive gene 'a' in heterozygous chromosomes.

Front

Recessive Trait Noun

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[rih-SE-sihv trayt]

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Recessive Trait

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A genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor.

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Example: A Punnett square shows how recessive blue eye traits are blocked by dominant brown eye traits.

Front

Phenotype Noun

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[FEE-nuh-tipe]

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Phenotype

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The observable physical appearance or expressed characteristics of an organism's trait.

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Example: The image shows how different genetic combinations in fruit flies lead to observable traits like wing shape.