Physical and Chemical Properties

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Matter Noun

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[mat-er]

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Matter

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The substance or 'stuff' that every physical thing is made of, which has mass and takes up space.

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Example: Shows how matter exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas, each with different particle arrangements.

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Property Noun

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[prop-er-tee]

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Property

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A characteristic or feature of a substance or an object that can be observed or measured to describe it.

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Example: Cartoon characters show solid, liquid, and gas states, but don't explain specific properties.

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Physical Property Noun

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[fiz-i-kuhl prop-er-tee]

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Physical Property

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A characteristic of matter that can be observed and measured without changing the substance's chemical identity or composition.

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Example: The image lists examples like mass and conductivity, showing characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance.

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Chemical Property Noun

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[kem-i-kuhl prop-er-tee]

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Chemical Property

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A characteristic that describes how matter reacts or behaves when it undergoes a change into a new substance.

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Example: A chemical reaction showing methane and oxygen forming carbon dioxide and water.

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Melting Point Noun

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[melt-ing point]

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Melting Point

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The specific temperature at which a substance changes its state from a solid to a liquid under standard pressure.

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Example: The image shows a beaker with a thermometer indicating the melting point of a substance.

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Boiling Point Noun

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[boil-ing point]

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Boiling Point

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The specific temperature at which a substance changes its state from a liquid to a gas under standard pressure.

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Example: The image shows molecules in a liquid gaining energy and turning into gas as temperature increases.

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Flammability Noun

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[flam-uh-bil-i-tee]

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Flammability

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The chemical property describing the ability of a substance to burn or ignite, causing fire or rapid combustion.

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Example: The image shows how fuel, oxygen, and heat combine to cause combustion, explaining flammability.

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Oxidation Noun

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[ok-si-day-shun]

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Oxidation

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A chemical reaction that involves a substance losing electrons, often by reacting with oxygen, like in the formation of rust.

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Example: The image shows a chemical reaction where methane reacts with oxygen, illustrating oxidation as electrons are transferred, forming carbon dioxide and water.

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Toxicity Noun

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[tok-sis-i-tee]

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Toxicity

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The degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage a living organism.

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Example: The skull and crossbones symbol warns about the toxicity of a substance, indicating it can harm living organisms.

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Reactivity Noun

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[ree-ak-tiv-i-tee]

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Reactivity

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The chemical property of a substance that describes how readily it undergoes a chemical reaction with other substances.

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Example: Hydrogen and oxygen react to form water, demonstrating reactivity.