Biology Mid-term

Front

What is the variable that is measured throughout an experiment?

Back

Dependent Variable: The variable that is tested and measured in an experiment, which changes as a result of the independent variable.

Front

What is the powerhouse of the cell responsible for ATP production?

Back

Mitochondria: The organelle in both plants and animals that is the site of ATP (energy) production and cellular respiration.

Front

What type of transport requires energy to move substances across a cell membrane?

Back

Active Transport Pump: A process that moves molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Front

What do we call a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function?

Back

Organ System: A group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function in the body.

Front

What is the term for the variable that is changed or controlled in an experiment?

Back

Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

Front

What is the process called when cells take in materials by engulfing them?

Back

Endocytosis: A cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell by engulfing them.

Front

What is the term for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

Back

Osmosis: The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.

Front

What type of transport does not require energy and involves the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?

Back

Facilitated Diffusion: A process that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special proteins.

Front

What is the basic unit of life?

Back

Cell: The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Back

Ribosomes: Organelles that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.