Sediment and Magma

Front

Weathering Noun

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[weth-er-ing]

Back

Weathering

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The process where rock is broken down into smaller pieces called sediment by forces like wind and water.

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Example: Weathering breaks down rocks into sediment layers, shown by the layers and sediment close-ups.

Front

Erosion Noun

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[ih-roh-zhun]

Back

Erosion

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The process by which sediment is transported from one location to another by natural forces like wind, water, or ice.

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Example: Wind moves sand and dust, showing erosion by transporting sediment.

Front

Sediment Noun

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[sed-uh-muhnt]

Back

Sediment

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Small, solid pieces of material that are formed from the weathering of rocks and transported by erosion.

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Example: Sediment layers form from weathered rocks, shown by different colored layers under water.

Front

Magma Noun

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[mag-muh]

Back

Magma

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Molten rock material located beneath the Earth's surface, formed when existing rock is melted by intense heat.

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Example: A diagram showing a volcano with labeled parts, including the magma chamber beneath the surface.

Front

Compaction Noun

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[kuhm-pak-shun]

Back

Compaction

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The process where layers of sediment are squeezed and pressed together by the weight of the layers above them.

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Example: Layers of sediment are squeezed together over time by the weight of the layers above them.

Front

Cementation Noun

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[see-men-tay-shun]

Back

Cementation

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The process where dissolved minerals crystallize and act as a natural glue, binding sediment particles together into solid rock.

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Example: The image shows sediment layers with minerals acting as glue, binding particles into solid rock.

Front

Igneous Rock Noun

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[ig-nee-uhs rok]

Back

Igneous Rock

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A type of rock that is formed through the cooling and solidification of molten material like magma or lava.

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Example: This diagram shows how igneous rocks form from cooling magma beneath Earth's surface.

Front

Sedimentary Rock Noun

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[sed-uh-men-tuh-ree rok]

Back

Sedimentary Rock

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A type of rock formed from the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sediment particles over a long period.

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Example: Layers of sedimentary rock form from compacted sediment particles over time.

Front

Metamorphic Rock Noun

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[met-uh-mawr-fik rok]

Back

Metamorphic Rock

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A type of rock that has been transformed from its original state by intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes.

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Example: Heat and pressure from magma transform existing rock layers into metamorphic rock.

Front

Subduction Noun

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[suhb-duhk-shun]

Back

Subduction

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A geological process where one tectonic plate is forced to move underneath another plate and sink into the mantle.

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Example: Arrows show one tectonic plate moving under another, illustrating subduction.