1.1 Particle Theory

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What is the particle theory of matter?

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The particle theory of matter states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion. The properties of substances depend on the arrangement and movement of these particles.

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What defines a polar covalent molecule?

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A polar covalent molecule is defined by the unequal sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in a molecule with a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other.

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What is a hydrogen bond?

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A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom and another electronegative atom. It plays a crucial role in determining the properties of water.

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What is specific heat capacity?

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Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. Water has a high specific heat capacity due to hydrogen bonding.

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Why is ice less dense than liquid water?

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Ice is less dense than liquid water because, in its solid state, water molecules form a crystalline structure that spaces them further apart compared to the liquid state.

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What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?

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A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements chemically bond together, while a mixture is a combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties.

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What is a chemical bond?

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A chemical bond is a strong force of attraction that holds atoms together in a substance, which can be ionic, covalent, or metallic.

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What is the significance of water's high specific heat capacity?

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Water's high specific heat capacity allows it to absorb and store large amounts of heat, helping to regulate temperature in the environment and in living organisms.

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What is the relationship between temperature and particle motion?

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As temperature increases, the motion of particles increases, leading to greater kinetic energy and changes in the state of matter.

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What is a covalent compound?

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A covalent compound is a chemical compound formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more nonmetal atoms.