Cell Theory and Cell Structure

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What is cell theory?

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Cell theory is a unifying concept stating that cells are a fundamental unit of structure, function, and organization in all living organisms.

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What are the components of prokaryote cells?

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Prokaryote cells (bacterial cells) include nucleoid, plasmids, 70S ribosomes, capsule, and cell wall.

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What are the components of eukaryotic cells?

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Eukaryotic cells (plant and animal cells) include plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), Golgi apparatus, vesicles, lysosomes, 80S ribosomes, mitochondria, and centriole.

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What are the plant-cell specific components of eukaryotic cells?

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Plant-cell specific components of eukaryotic cells include cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, tonoplast, amyloplasts, plasmodesmata, and pits.

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How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ in their genetic material organization?

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Prokaryotic cells have their genetic material in a nucleoid region without a membrane, while eukaryotic cells enclose their DNA within a membrane-bound nucleus.

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What is the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

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Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells.

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What is the role of the cell wall in plant cells?

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The cell wall provides structural support, protection, and helps maintain the shape of plant cells.

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How do animal and plant cells differ in their organelles?

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Animal cells lack cell walls and chloroplasts, which are present in plant cells. Plant cells have a large central vacuole, while animal cells may have small, temporary vacuoles.

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What is the function of ribosomes in cells?

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Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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What is the significance of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

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Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules in prokaryotic cells that can carry genes beneficial for survival, such as antibiotic resistance.