Pediatrics 1

Front

In evaluation of general appearance, what is the component that need to be included ?

Back

General colour / Mental status / Responsiveness to parents, doctors, voice or pain / Muscle tone, activity or movement / Age-appropriate response (resistance to seperation from parents @ stranger anxiety in toddlers are normal but decreased pain response at any age is abnormal)

Front

In airway examination, what are the components and explaination ?

Back

-- Clear (no assistance needed to maintain airway patency)

-- Maintainable (non-invasive assistance needed such as bag-valve mask, head positioning or suctioning)

-- Not maintainable (needed invasive ventilation such as endotracheal intubation, needle cricothyrotomy or relief of foreign bodies)

Front

What are the signs of respiratory distress ?

Back

-- Tachypnea
-- Recession (subcostal, intercostal, suprasternal)

-- Abnormal breathing sounds (stridor or wheezing)

-- Skin colour (pink indicates good oxygenation while cyanosis suggest hypoxic)

Front

Compensated vs decompensated shock ?

Back

Compensated shock - fail to maintain cardiac output but blood pressure is normal by increasing systemic vascular resistance

Decompensated shock - fail to maintain both cardiac output and blood pressure

Front

In circulation, how to evaluate responsiveness (brain perfusion) ?

Back

AVPU

Alertness

Response to Voice

Response to Pain

Unresponsive

Front

Heart rates in paediatrics (infants VS children) What are amount for sinus tachycardia and amount for SVT ?

Back

SVT

Infant : >= 220

Children : >= 180

Normal to Sinus Tachycardia

Infant : 85 to 220

Children : 60 to 180

Front

What are the minimum systolic blood pressure from birth to 10 years old ?

Back

Neonates (birth to 1 month) : 60 mmHg

1 month to 1 year : 70 mmHg

1 year to 10 years : 70 mmHg + (Age x 2)

More than 10 years : 90 mmHg

Front

What are the normal urine output in the children ?

Back

It is 1 - 2 mls/kg/hr. It is different with adult which is in adult, normal urine output is 0.5 - 1 ml/kg/hr

Front

What is the uniqueness of septic shock and what are the manifestation of septic shock ?

Back

In septic shock, the periphery or skin colour become warm compared to other shock because in septic shock (distributive shock), the vessels become vasodilation and lead to more blood going to the peripheries making it warm.

The clinical features of septic shock are
- fever or hypotheermia

• - tachycardia or tachypnea

• - leukocytosis/leukopenia/increased band forms

Front

What are the physiological status of cardiopulmonary condition ?

Back

-- Stable

-- Respiratory distress

-- Respiratory failure

-- Shock (compensated and decompensated)
-- Cardiopulmonary failure