Enzymes, DNA, & and Cell Cycle Review

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Back

The active site is the specific region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

Front

What is a substrate in the context of enzymes?

Back

A substrate is the reactant molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Front

What is a tumor?

Back

A tumor is a mass of tissue formed by an accumulation of cells that divide uncontrollably.

Front

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Back

Benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not spread, while malignant tumors are cancerous and can invade nearby tissues.

Front

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

Back

The cell cycle consists of G1 (growth), S (DNA synthesis), G2 (preparation for mitosis), and M (mitosis).

Front

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Back

DNA replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Front

What is apoptosis?

Back

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.