Roman History Flashcards

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Etruscan Monarchy

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The earliest known civilization in Rome ruled by aristocratic kings. The descendants of the Etruscans became the ruling class of Rome.

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Consuls

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The highest officers in Rome, controlling the military and having final approval of all laws. Two consuls were chosen every year.

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The First Punic War

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The Roman forces were able to invade Sicily and gain control of the island.

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Proletariat

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The working class that expands rapidly as peasants are forced off the land and into city work.

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Marius's Military System

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He created a system where soldiers were paid directly and kept spoils of war, ensuring loyalty to him.

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Lucius Sulla

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He supported the interests of the Optimates and used the Senate's influence for personal gain.

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Marius sent men to remove Sulla from command.

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This led Sulla to march on Rome and declare himself dictator.

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Julius Caesar's Rule (47-44 BC)

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Julius Caesar declared himself dictator, one who serves in crisis, and aimed to restore peace and prosperity to Rome.

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Caesar's Popularity

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The people loved him because he improved the standard of living, but his power reduced the influence of the Senate.

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Second Triumvirate (43-33 BC)

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Friends of Caesar avenged his death and formed another three-man ruling body.