Listening and Speaking Oral and Written Communication

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Active Listening

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The focused and intentional act of hearing and understanding what others say. Example: Giving full attention, responding thoughtfully, and asking questions to clarify or expand on ideas.

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Discourse

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The function of language in a social context. Example: Some languages are inferential while others are direct.

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Conversation

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An informal discussion among students facilitated by the teacher which allows students to practice their active listening and speaking skills.

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Syntax

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Rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences.

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Group Discussion

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A conversation among the students on a particular topic which the teacher may observe, but not direct.

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Formal Presentation

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A variety of forms of public speaking which all allow students to plan ahead and present their ideas in a logical and cogent manner to the class.

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Growth Chart

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A tool for assessing a student's mastery of oral language skills.

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Overgeneralization

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The application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply. Example: A student adds 's' to make everything plural, even irregular plural nouns. 'I brushed my tooths this morning.'

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Oral Language Assessment

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Listen to, analyze, and record brief episodes of students' oral language to assess needs, strengths, interests, and next steps to support growth.

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Pragmatics

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The study of how we understand the meaning of language based on the situation it's used in.