AMSCO Unit II Chapter 8 Vocab

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“breathing space”

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A term often used in legal contexts to describe the necessary freedom for expression without fear of punishment or censorship.

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Bill of Rights (1791)

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The first ten amendments to the United States Constitution, guaranteeing fundamental rights and freedoms.

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clear and present danger

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A legal standard to determine when speech can be restricted if it poses a significant risk to public safety or order.

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civil liberties

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Individual rights protected by law from governmental interference.

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Engel v. Vitale (1962)

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A Supreme Court case that ruled school-sponsored prayer in public schools unconstitutional.

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establishment clause

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A clause in the First Amendment prohibiting the government from establishing an official religion.

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free exercise clause

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A clause in the First Amendment protecting individuals' rights to practice their religion freely.

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Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)

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A Supreme Court case that established the Lemon Test to determine if a law violates the establishment clause.

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libel

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A written defamatory statement that harms someone's reputation.

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malicious intent

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The intention to harm someone through false or defamatory statements.