Brain and Behavior Flashcard

Front

Which structure of a neuron primarily receives information from other neurons and is described as a branched, treelike structure attached to the soma?

Back

Dendrite

Front

Which statement best describes the net forces acting on sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions at a neuron's resting state?

Back

Both concentration and electrical gradients drive Na+ strongly into the neuron, while for K+, concentration pushes out and electrical pulls in, yielding a relatively weak net force out.

Front

During the absolute and relative refractory periods, what is the key difference in a neuron's ability to fire another action potential?

Back

Absolute: AP cannot be generated due to Na+ channel inactivation during repolarization; Relative: AP could be generated but requires a much larger stimulus during hyperpolarization.

Front

What is responsible for generating force exerted by contraction of skeletal muscles?

Back

Extrafusal Muscle Fiber

Front

According to the movement control figure, shortening of muscles happens at which filament level?

Back

Actin and myosin filaments

Front

Which sequence best explains how energy enables contraction after endplate depolarization? Options: Endplate potential closes Ca channels; Ca efflux reduces ATP use, Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca channels; Ca influx allows ATP to drive actin–myosin system, Nicotinic receptor blocks Na; K efflux powers myosin, ATP is produced only in the endplate to open Na channels

Back

Action potential opens voltage-gated Ca channels; Ca influx allows ATP to drive actin–myosin system

Front

What is meant by contralateral control with the cortices in movement control?

Back

Each cortex controls the opposite-side body muscles

Front

Which areas are active before a movement and are primarily involved in motor planning, receiving sensory input from the parietal and temporal lobes?

Back

Premotor Cortex (PMC) and Supplementary Motor Area (SMA)

Front

Which structures contribute to proper sequencing and motor learning?

Back

Cerebellum and basal ganglia

Front

Messages from the brain reach the medulla and spinal cord via axons organized into which two pathways?

Back

Lateral tract and ventromedial tract