AP Euro: Unit 1 (1450-1648) Vocab

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A division of the English royal council, a court that used Roman legal procedures to curb real or potential threats from the nobility, the court so called because there were stars painted on the ceiling of the chamber in which the court sat.

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Court of Star Chamber

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Term first used by Florentine rhetorician Leonard Bruni as a general word for the new learning of the critical study of Latin and Greek literature, with the goal of realized human potential

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Humanism

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Another basic feature of the Italian renaissance stressing personality, uniqueness, genius, self-consciousness.

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Individualism

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Statement of French king Charles VII asserting royal control over church appointments and the superiority of a general council over the papacy.

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Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438)

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Treatise by Machiavelli on ways to gain, keep and expand power, because of its subsequent impact probably the most important literary work of the Renaissance.

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The Prince

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French word, translated from Italian rinascita first used by art historian and critic Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574) - meaning rebirth of the culture of classical antiquity; English-speaking students adopted the French term.

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Renaissance

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Attitude that tends to find the ultimate explanation of everything and the final end of human beings in what reason and the senses can discover, rather than in any spiritual or transcendental belief.

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Secularism

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General name given to several Protestant groups who believed that only adults could make an informed decision about baptism (and thus entry into the Christian community) and who therefore refused to have their children baptized. Because of their belief in pacifism and that the Christian could not participate in civil affairs (by implication the separation of church and state) Luther, Calvin, and Catholics condemned and persecuted them.

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Anabaptists

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Official (parliament-approved) prayer book of the church of England, containing the prayers for all services, the forms for administration of the sacraments, and a manual for the ordination of deacons, priests, bishops

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The Book of Common Prayer

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Lutheran doctrine of the Eucharist: after consecration, the bread and wine undergo a spiritual change, become the Real Presence, but are not transformed.

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Consubstantiation