CompTIA Tech+ Learn: Chapter 5 Terms

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Internet Service Provider (ISP)

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Provides Internet connectivity and web services to its customers.

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Byte

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The fundamental unit of data storage is the bit (binary digit), which can represent 1 or 0. A bit can be measured in multiples using Kilobit (Kb) and Megabit (Mb). 8 bits form a byte (B). 1024 bytes make a kilobyte (KB); 1024 KB make a Megabyte (MB); 1024 MB make 1 Gigabyte (GB); 1024 GB make 1 Terabyte (TB). Other units include the nibble (½ byte) and the word (2 bytes).

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American Standard Code for Informational Interchange (ASCII)

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7-bit code page mapping binary values to character glyphs. Standard ASCII can represent 127 characters, though some values are reserved for non-printing control characters.

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Solid State

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Persistent mass-storage device implemented using flash memory.

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Hard Disk Drives

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Mass storage device that uses mechanical platters with a magnetic coating that are spun under disk heads that can read and write to locations on each platter (sectors).

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Hexadecimal

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Notational system with 16 values per digit. Values above 9 are represented by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F. Hex is a compact way of referring to long byte values, such as MAC and IPv6 addresses.

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Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses

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Format for logical host and network addressing. In IPv4, a 32-bit binary address is expressed in dotted decimal notation, such as 192.168.1.1. In IPv6, addresses are 128-bit expressed as hexadecimal (for example, 2001:db8::0bcd:abcd:ef12:1234).

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Media Access Control (MAC)

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Hardware address that uniquely identifies each network interface at layer 2 (Data Link). A MAC address is 48 bits long with the first half representing the manufacturer's organizationally unique identifier (OUI). Also called a client identifier.

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Networks

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A network consists of two or more computers connected to each other by an appropriate transmission medium, allowing them to share data. Networks can be interconnected in different ways, and even dissimilar networks can be linked.

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Personal Area Network (PAN)

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A network scope that uses close-range wireless technologies (usually based on Bluetooth or NFC) to establish communications between personal devices, such as smartphones, laptops, and printers/peripheral devices.