Final Exam Review AB1

Front

What is the main issue with the question: "How many prescriptions have you taken in the last month, and why did you use them?"

Back

It is double-barreled.

Answer explanation

A is correct because the question is actually asking two questions (double question).

Front

A researcher asks, “How frequently do you engage in unhealthy behavior?” What’s the problem?

Back

Ambiguous terms

Answer explanation

C is correct because we do not know what the researcher means by unhealthy behavior. Double-barrelled requires a second question component, leading would be like: “Don’t you frequently engage in unhealthy behavior?”, and one sided would be: “Do you agree that you engage in unhealthy behavior?”

Front

Which of the following is a one-sided question? Options: “Do you agree that the university should improve mental-health services?”, “Do you agree or disagree that the university should improve mental-health services?”, “How satisfied are you with mental-health services?”, “What changes would you like to see in mental-health services?”

Back

“Do you agree that the university should improve mental-health services?”

Answer explanation

It only presents one possible direction (improvement) not allowing respondents to express that things might be fine or could be lesser.

Front

A survey asks, “How many of your children are enrolled in K-12?” What’s the issue?

Back

Not relevant to all respondents

Answer explanation

If you have a generalized, diverse population of people, this question does not apply to everyone. It’s not loaded because it doesn’t have a unproven/biased assumption that sways answers, not double-barrelled because no second question, and it is not asking for an ambiguous answer (asks for #).

Front

“Most responsible adults believe recycling is essential. Do you recycle regularly?” is an example of a:

Back

Loaded question

Answer explanation

It is a loaded question because it has a biased/implicative assumption that applies to the respondent. If they don’t recycle regularly, they are implicating themselves as not a responsible adult. A one-sided would be asking “Do you agree that people should recycle regularly?” with no way to express neutral or less, a single-negative would be “Do you not recycle regularly?”. Also, this is just not neutral.

Front

Which question contains a double negative? Options: “Do you disagree that the university should not charge fees?”, “Do you agree the university should charge fees?”, “Should the university charge fewer fees?”, “Do you want fee reductions?”

Back

“Do you disagree that the university should not charge fees?”

Answer explanation

Disagree and should not cancel each other out. This question is actually asking “Do you agree that the university should charge fees?” in a more complicated manner

Front

Which question contains a single negative? Options: “Do you want tuition lowered?”, “Do you disagree that tuition increases are fair?”, “Should tuition be higher?”, “Do you think tuition should be adjusted?”

Back

“Do you disagree that tuition increases are fair?”

Answer explanation

The one (single) negative component is in the disagree (opposite of agree). The same as asking “Do you not agree…”

Front

A participant answers “agree” to every survey question without thinking deeply, even if they would usually disagree with what the question asks. Which bias is this?

Back

Acquiescence bias

Answer explanation

Acquiescence bias is also called “yay saying” or “yes bias”. It is a general tendency to agree. Overlaps slightly with social desirability, but social desirability bias is specifically responding to what is generally/socially considered “right”. Self-enhancement would be reading each question carefully and answering what makes the self sound the best, and consistency motive would be reading and answering with what aligns with the context of previous self-reports.

Front

In studies about substance use, people who are struggling with addiction tend to underreport the frequency and quantity of their substance use. This is an example of…

Back

Social desirability bias

Answer explanation

Participants do not often want to appear in a way that is viewed as not socially normal, and lowering/denying socially “unacceptable” behaviors creates this reporting bias.

Front

A participant sees two questions in a row on a survey: “Do you exercise regularly?” and the next one “How often do you work out each week?” So they assume the second must mean or be measuring something different due to:

Back

Conversational norms

Answer explanation

Because of conversational norms (how people usually talk), they expect that surely these researchers are not asking pretty much the same question twice in a row, right?