Period 6 APUSH vocab

Front

What were the causes of industrialization?

Back

Abundant natural resources, a large labor force, agricultural shifts, new technologies, improved transportation (railroads and canals), and expanding markets.

Front

What was the Homestead Act of 1862?

Back

A U.S law granting male heads of families 160 acres of public land in the West for a $10 fee, requiring five years of residence, cultivation, and improvement to gain full ownership.

Front

Why was farming under the Homestead Act difficult?

Back

Soil quality was poor and machinery was too expensive for ordinary farmers to afford.

Front

What was the Transcontinental Railroad?

Back

A railroad completed on May 10, 1869, at Promontory Summit, Utah, connecting the Eastern U.S rail network with the Pacific coast and revolutionizing U.S transportation.

Front

How did the government intervene in industrialization despite laissez-faire policies?

Back

Through massive land grants, financial aid, loans, direct cash subsidies to railroads, and guaranteeing 6% interest on loans.

Front

What were the positive effects of industrialization?

Back

Economic boom, Westward expansion, faster travel, and rapid movement of troops for military and government control.

Front

What were the negative effects of industrialization?

Back

Native American displacement, labor exploitation of immigrants, environmental devastation, and cultural disruption.

Front

What is the difference between Captains of Industry and Robber Barons?

Back

Captains of Industry contributed positively with jobs, philanthropy, and economic growth, while Robber Barons exploited workers, used unethical practices, and displayed greed.

Front

Who was John D. Rockefeller and what was his contribution to the oil industry?

Back

Founder of Standard Oil Company in 1870, controlled 90% of U.S oil, pioneered vertical and horizontal integration, and used interlocking directorates to control operations.

Front

Who was Andrew Carnegie and what was his contribution to the steel industry?

Back

Founder of Carnegie Steel Company, adopted the Bessemer process, used vertical integration, innovated technology, and argued for the wealthy's moral duty to use fortunes for public good.