1-3 Glossary

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Adjudication

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The formal process by which a judge or a panel of judges resolve disputes and render decisions in legal cases.

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Burden of Proof

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The requirement to present clear and convincing facts that substantiate the plaintiff’s claim(s) or allegation(s) made in legal proceedings.

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Civil Law

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The body of law that regulates disputes between natural persons, legal persons, or between the two.

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Criminal Law

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The body of law that regulates conduct against the threat, harm, or endangerment toward the safety and welfare of a person, including one’s self, one’s property, and society at large.

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Defendant

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A person or entity accused of wrongdoing in a court of law.

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Discovery

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The pre-trial stage in legal proceedings where both parties exchange relevant information, documents, and evidence to prepare for trial.

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Injunction

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A court order that either prohibits specific actions or requires specific actions of one or more parties.

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Legal Person

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An entity recognized by law as having the rights and obligations of a human being (e.g., capable of owning assets, incurring liabilities, entering contracts, and taking legal action).

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Merger

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The strategic and contractual unification of two or more companies into a single business, undertaken to increase their market presence, operational efficiency, and financial strength.

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Miranda Warning

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The constitutional requirement that law enforcement personnel inform individuals in police custody of their Miranda rights prior to interrogation.