Factors to consider when choosing/upgrading Operating System

costs, other than licenses: may increase costs if there is a compatibility issue installation: who will perfom the upgrade (have you got skills in-house), when will you schedule it (to cause least impat on users and clients) due to downtime training: Who will lead the training (have you got the skills in-house), when will you schedule the training, will it cost anything? compatibility: with current software (applications, communication, security) and with hardware support: unsupported systems will not received product support, bug fixes, patches - making the system vulnerable to unauthorised access which can result in data loss and possibly breach DPA legislation

Factors affecting choice of user interface

Ease of use: how simple/intuitive is it to navigate User experience: GUI is easier to use/learn for inexperienced users Accessibility: Is the interface suitable for people with additional needs? Performance: How quickly does interface respond to user input. User requirements: Does the interface meet user requirements and functionality? Storage space: Have you got sufficient storage to install and run the interface?

Benefits & limitations ogf graphical interface

Much easier to use for beginners Easy to exchange information between software applications Uses lots of memory and processing power, which can affect performance Attractive and pleasing to the eye for the user through the use of colour Easy to use

Benefits & limitations of command line interface

Allows interaction by typing commands Commands must be typed exactly or they won't work Quicker to use for experienceed technial users who know the commands Does not needs lots of memory or processing power, so will run on low spec devices

Benefits & limitations of a menu-based interface

Easy to use as the user does not have to remember commands User friendly as the user can navigate around the interface until they find what they are looking for Can be annoying if there are many diferent levels of menus to move around

How does a device driver assist the operating system in the management of peripheral devices

Communication between the operating system and devices through a set of interfaces and protocols Translates/interprets instructions (for the device to handle) to ensure the devices work correctly/efficiently Device drivers provide commands that control peripheral devices so the operating system does not have to be programmed with commands for each device

Benefits of backup software

Ensures there is a copy of data in the event of data loss/corruption Provides an automated solution for creating/managing/restoring data which will reduce the need for manual backups/human error

Benefits of compression software

Reduces the size of the file as it takes up less space on the drives, allows faster data transfer

Benefits of using off-the-shelf application software

Convenience as the softare has already been developed Reliability as the software is already in widespread use/tried and tested Reviews can be obtained prior to purchasing as it will give an insight into the functionality of the software Regular updates from the manufacturer who will improve functionality/fix existing issues such as bugs/patches in the software Cheaper than bespoke software as bespoke software is created to order to meet individual needs Troubleshooting/support/community will solve any problems the software may have Some software companies offer a free trial option so the user can try out the product before purchasing

Limitations of off-the-shelf software

Additional costs which can be due to annual license/upgrade costs or if the user wants 24/7 support Limited customisation as there is no access to the source code Compatibility isses as not all hardware and software will be able to support off-the-shelf applications software Features/functions may be limited which will result in the off-the-shelf software not meeting all the user's requirements

Features of a mulit-user operating system

Multi-tasking which will support the users running mulitple applications at the same time Concureent access so mulitple users can access the system at the same time Resource sharing so users can share peripherals such as printers, hard drives Processes can be performed in the background, not in real-time

Benefits of a wired LAN

Secure as to gain access the user has to have physical access to the network port Reliable/stable as the signal strength does not deteriorate rapidly Fast data transfer speeds as they are less prone to interference

Benefits and limitations of transactional data collected through loyalty cards

Benefits Purchase histories can be used for targeted marketing. Purchase histories can be used to target advertising, which can benefots customers as 'irrelevent; advertising may be reduced. Information may be shared with third parties, which is then used for targeted marketing. Limitations Customers can be innudated with special offers. Schemes can log where you buy, which can be used to identify someone's location, leacing to privacy concerns. Information may be shared with third parties, which can send out unwanted marketing. Concerns over who precisely sees the data. Can be used to create a 'profile', including personal details. Customer may be concerned about amount of personal information they are asked to provide. Concerns over how data is protected.

Factors to consider when disposing of old equipment

Backup : ensure all data is backed-up, so data is not lost. Data deletion : ensure all sensitve data is securely removed (compliance with GDPR). This can be done by reformatting, physical destruction, use of data destruction software Disposal : Recycle via a suitable organisation to minimise environmental impact, or dispose of safely under WEEE regulations

Peripheral devices that could aid accessibility

Microphone : to allow voice input. Adapted keyboard: such as large keys/letters, high contrast colours, for visually impaired or compact keyboards for use with wheelchair. Braille keyboard/printer : for use with visually impaired Speakers/headphones : For text-to-speech for visually impaired. Large monitors : to display larger text and use screen magifiers. Vertical mouse : to avoid wrist strain Joysticks: for those with limited arm mobility. Trackballs: For those with limited hand control/motor skills. Headpointers : For those with limited strength and dexterity. Eye tracking: Uses a camera to track users eye movement. Foot mouse, bite switch or puff-sip: for those with limited use of arms, or no arms.

Benfits & limitations of cloud storage

Benefits Can be used anywhere with an Internet connection Mobile apps allow access via a range of devices Allows remote working As stored centrally, everyone sees the lastest version Allows for collaboration on the same document Limitations Must have an internet connection Must trust a third party for security of data Users will need training on how to use cloud storage Impact on business continuity ot internet connection or cloud service is unavailable

Impact of mobile banking

Customers Must have smart device to install moboile banking app. Those without a device will have to travel to nearest banks, or switch banks. IT illiterate users may not be able to use the device/app. Some customers perfer face-to-face banking. App will not be able to provide financial advice. Employees May lose job, unless offered alternative opportunity Bank Cost savings, by not having physical premises and reduction of staff. May lose customers who prefer face-to-face bacnking. Cost of staff redundancy/training. Increased costs of setting up/maintaining online service systems. Centralised data becomes easier to manage. Data in branches will need to be migrated, which could cause errors.

Threats to data on a computer not connected to the Internet

Theft as someone could steal the device. Malicious damage by someone deleting or editing data on purpose. Introducing malware via an external device. Acidental damage as someone could spill a drink, causing the computer to fail and corrupt data. Hardware failure resulting in not being able to use the device. Natural disaster such as fire, flood.

Benefits & limitations of using a personal area network (PAN)

Benefits Connection is not shared. No need to cables to make a connection. Limitations Limited range (up to 10m). Unstable connection due to interference. Slow data transfer.

Use and implications of codecs when using video.

A codec is a piece of software that is needed to view the video. Video files can be very large. The codec compresses the file. Improves viewing when using a slow connection. Affects the quality of the video. Using different codecs can cause compatibility issues.

The role of Computer Misuse Act/Police and Justice Act in protecting users and their data from attack or misuse

Deals with unauthorised access to computers by those with the aim to steal informatoin or cause malicious damage. Illegal activities include: Access to computer material. Access with intent to commit further offences. Modification of computer material. making, supplying or obtaining material that could be used in computer misuse offences. Types of activity which are illegal: Using a username/password to log n to someone eleses account. Phishing. Introducing malware/viruses. Creating a virus/intentionally passing on a virus. These activities do not have to be successful. It is the intention which is illegal.

The role of Copyright Design and Patents Act/Copyright Regulations in protecting users and their data from attack or misuse

Protects the rights of the creators of of material (literary, drama, art, music, software) to control how the material is used. For software it is illegal to: Make a copy of the software to sell, or give, to someone else. Use software on a network without a license. Make a backup copy of softwar, or data, for personal use. Users of copyright materials must acknowledge sources.

The role of Data Protection Act/GDPR in protecting users and their data from attack or misuse

Controls how organisations use personal information. Gives rights to individuals on how their data is collected, processed/used, kept up-to-date/accurate and gives the right to access their information. An organisation must set up restrictions on how personal data can be used, take responsibility for compliance, have processes and records in place to demonstrate compliance.

Amount of data transferre/transmitted in a period of time and is measured in bits per second (bps)

Time delay/lag experienced before a component responds to an instruction and is measured in milliseconds (ms)

Factors affecting bandwidth

Number of users, more users causes the connection to be slower. Amount of data being transmitted, more data causes the connecton to be slower. Type of connectoin used. A wired connecoitn is typically faster (has a higher bandwidth). Distance from nearest telephone exchange/network link, as bandwidth reduces over distance (signal gets weaker).

Factors affecting latency

Number of users/devices, more users/devices means more collisions and packets having to be resent. Amount of data being transmitted, as packets have to be resent due to collisions and devices take longer to process the extra requests. Type of connections, as data may have to travel over different types of medium e.g. wired to Wi-Fi, then back to wired. Changing between medium takes time. Distance from telecomms exchange/network link, as a signal takes longer the further it has to travel.

How does a firewall ensure data security?

Forms a barrier between the device and the network. It uses either hardware and/or software. It can allow or deny data through specific port numbers e.g port 80 for web traffic. It filters both incoming and outgoing traffic against a set of rules. Allows only authorised traffic to access the network.

How does public/private key encryption work?

Public (for encryption) and private (for decryption) keys are generated. Sending and receiving devices exchange the public key. The sending device uses an algorithm along with the pblic key to encrypt the data, to make it unreadble. The encrypted data is transmitted to the receiving device. The receiving device uses the private key to decrypt the data to make it readble.

How does anti-virus software protect data on a computer?

It monitors activity/scans computer files. It compares activity against a database of definitions. It analyses the code/behaviour of the suspicious program. It determines the nature ot the threat. It requests actoins form the user, by giving options to remove, or quarantine, the threat. It logs user actoins to deal with similar threats in the future.

Threats to IT systems

Phishing Malware Virus Hackers Accidental damage Malicious damage Data theft Physical theft Natural disasters

Features of social media

Status updates Data analysis tools

How does HTTPS secure transmitted data

SSL (Secure Socket Layer) added to HTTP for additional security using a certificate. SSL uses encryption to secure the data, so only those with the key can read the data. SSL certificate provides private communication channels for data transmission between the web server and the client's device.

Securing a device from harmful downloads

Install anti-virus software to scan downloaded files for suspicious threats. Regularly update the anti-virus software to make sure the software recognises new threats. Use trusted websites that have digital certificates (HTTPS). Use safe browsing configuration in settings to prevent visiting untrusted websites.

Why update anti-virus sofwtare?

To recognise and handle new virus strains. New viruses are constantly being created, so the threat is constantly evolving. Content is compared again records in an existing database of virus definitions, so the definitions need to be current. If a new virus is not in the definitions, it will not be detected. Antivirus software developers constantly monitor the trheat landscape. Anti-visur software developers will update the definitions database when any new virus is found, so you need to download the new definitions.

How do SSL/TLS protocols secure payments over the Internet?

1.Browser requests a secure page. 2.Web server sends a public key with its certificate. 3.Web broweser checks the certificate is from a trusted party. 4.Web browser encrypts the data using the public key. 5.Browser sends the encrypted data. 6.Web server decrypts the data using the private key.

How do EPOS systems use sales data to update the stock control system?

1.The item data is collected by the bar code reader/scanner. 2.The stock database is updated. 3.The current stock level is compared to the minimum stock level recorded on the system. 4.An automated decision is made to re-order stock.

Benefits of a stock control system?

Reduced chance of data input errors ensures that stock details are correct, so you don;t run out of stock. Stock levels are instantly updatedm ensuring new stock is ordered in a timely manner, improving customer satisfaction/increasing profit.

How does an operating system manage peripheral devices?

It uses devices drivers to communicate with the peripheral. The device driver translates signals so the operating system can understand. When a signal is received from the peripheral device, the operating system holds it in a buffer until resources are available to process the request.

How does a Virtual Private Network (VPN) work?

VPN software is used by the user to encrypt data, which is sent to the VPN server over the Internet through a secure connection/tunnel. The VPN server then decrypts the data.

How do verification and validation ensure an entered password is suitable?

Verification: The password will be entered twice to ensure they match. Validation: The password will be checked against pre-set rules, such as ensuring a minimum length or a mix of different characters, digits and symbols.

How to reduce the risk from phishing scams.

Never send data in an email, as legitimate companies will never request data in this way. Don not follow links from unsolicited emails as these may lead to sites/sources that could be harmful. Check the source of the email carefully to ensure it comes from where it says it does. Use filtering settings in email which will block/screen the spam. Read the contents of the email to make a judgement as to whether the contents are legitimate and delete suspicious emails.

What protocols enable data transmission for secure payment systems?

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) authenticates the accessed website and adds a layer of security on the data being transmitted. Secure Socket Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) establishes a secure connection between a web server and the browser. Encryption converts data to an encoded form so data cannot be read if intercepted. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) enables an unsecured public network to securely exchange data using public and private keys.

Role of the operating system in mamory management

The memory manager needs to allocate blocks of memory to applicationsd (and data). The memory manager should allow many applications (or data) to occupy memory at the same time. The memory maneger ensures that applications (or data) need to be protected from one another so that they do not overwrite each other.

IT Systems

Flashcard

•

Computers

•

11th Grade

•

Practice Problem

•

Hard

Alan Day

Used 2+ times

FREE Resource

Student preview

84 questions

Show all answers

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What can you use GPS (Global Positioning System) for?

Back

Identify exact location of device.

Monitor current and average speeds to check progress and to decide to go faster/slower.

Determine the estimated time of arrival (ETA).

Determine distance to the destination.

Determine time to destination.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the purpose of a multifunctional device.

Back

A device that allows more than one function to be performed such as:

playing games

browsing the Internet

watching movies

listening to music

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Benefits of contactless payments

Back

Ease of use/convenience: don't have to remember PIN, or carry other payment methods such as cash.

Save time/speed: no need to enter a PIN, or insert a card into reader, or wait for change.

More hygienic: do not have to touch keypad, which might have germs.

Smartphoen payments are more secure as it uses biometrics to unlock your phone to pay.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Characteristics to consider when designing a user interface (UI)

Back

Ease of use/intuitiveness/user experience: makes it obvious where data is to be entered, usesstandard icon, uses consistent navigation methods.

Accessibility: to make text readable/simple/understandable/consice/bigger buttons. language option.

Error reduction: using appropriate data validation techniques.

Functionality: by providing ways of 'undoing; incorrect responses.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Characteristics and implications of using SSDs or HDDs

Back

Price: SSD more expensive

Capacity: SSD have smaller storage capacity, HDD has higher storage capacity

Speed: SSD much faster read/write times (no mechanical parts), so boot quicker, load apps and data quicker.

Weight: SSD weighs less (no mechanical parts)

Fragmentation: HDDs fragment data over time, making read/write speeds slower. SSDs do not suffer from fragmentation, as they have electronic components.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Input devices that can be used by a book store

Back

QR reader

keyboard

mouse

card reader

touch screen

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Benefits of automated stock control

Back

Improved efficiency as stock data is in real time

More accurate as there is less risk of human error

Saves time as it will trigger orders when minimum levels are reached

reduces costs as it reduces overstocking of items or the need to employ someone to manage the stock

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