Fluids and Electrolytes Practice Questions

Front

Normal serum osmolality is defined as: 260–270 mOsm/kg, 265–285 mOsm/kg, 275–290 mOsm/kg, 280–300 mOsm/kg

Back

275–290 mOsm/kg

Front

The major effective osmole in the extracellular fluid (ECF) is:

Back

Sodium

Front

Which component does NOT freely cross cell membranes and therefore contributes to tonicity? Options: Urea, Glucose, Sodium, Water

Back

Sodium

Front

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) primarily acts to:

Back

Increase water reabsorption in the collecting duct

Front

Which hormone antagonizes aldosterone and promotes sodium excretion?

Back

ANP/BNP

Front

Dehydration is best described as:

Back

Loss of water only

Front

Hypovolemia differs from dehydration because hypovolemia involves:

Back

Loss of electrolytes and water

Front

Which laboratory finding is most consistent with hypovolemia? Options: Urine sodium > 40 mEq/L, Urine osmolality < 300 mOsm/kg, BUN:SCr ratio > 20:1, Serum sodium < 130 mEq/L

Back

BUN:SCr ratio > 20:1

Front

First-line IV fluid for severe hypovolemia is: D5W, 0.45% NaCl, 0.9% NaCl, 3% NaCl

Back

0.9% NaCl

Front

Which IV fluid will shift water INTO cells? Options: Normal saline, Lactated Ringer’s, 0.45% NaCl, Albumin

Back

0.45% NaCl