Matter

Structures and Properties of Matter

What is Matter? Matter is what the universe is made of. One property of all matter is that it has mass and takes up space.  

What is matter made of?  Atoms

Matter is made of tiny particles called atoms
Everything on our planet is made of these tiny atoms
Even atoms are made of smaller particles
We will not go much deeper than that this year

Important to know this:  All things on Earth are made up of around 100 atoms, which are organized on the Periodic Table. 

https://images.app.goo.gl/mAs5kjDCXKARDvPn7 

Matter has mass and takes up space

States or phases of matter

Solid: ice or frozen water

Liquid: water

Gas: clouds

Plasma: high energy particles like lightning

Make some observations about substances and matter 

• Texture: how does the substance feel when you touch it?

• How does it look: shiny like metal or not shiny like clay?

• Does it make a sound if you tap on it?

• Is it wet like water, or wet like dish soap?

• How heavy is it?

• Do you think it will float in water?

• If it is edible, then how does it taste?

If I had a special saw

• If I keep cutting the wood into smaller pieces 

• Eventually I will start cutting the invisible atoms

• Just because the particles are invisible to us does not mean they aren't there

• The particles that wood is made from will still be there

• Natural or manufactured things are all made up of tiny invisible particles

Air is made of tiny invisible particles 

Oklahoma wind blowing the leaves of a tree is evidence that those invisible particles exist. Why do those particles not evaporate, dissolve, or rot?

Conservation of matter

• Matter can neither be created or destroyed

• It can change to a different state or phase

• Temperature affects matter by changing its state to a different phase.  

• Pressure can also affect matter
  

• Heat water until it boils and becomes a gas
  

• Freeze water and it changes to a solid

Pure Substances

Gold is made up of only atams that are gold.

If we cut gold into smaller pieces like we did the wood, then all those tiny particles will look the same.

Molecules

When we have 2 or more different types of atoms that join together, then we make a molecule.

One molecule that we all may be familiar with is water or H2O.

2 atoms of Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen atom.

We also can consider water a pure substance because it only has one type of molecule.

Water is also a polar molecule. The Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms are bonded together because opposites tend to attract in nature.

Salt (NaCl)

Salt, or sodium chloride (NaCI-), is composed of positively charged sodium ions (Na+) and negatively charged chloride ions (Cl-). An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons. Since electrons are negatively charged, an atom that gains an electron becomes a negative ion, and an atom that loses an electron becomes a positive ion.

Where does the salt go when you mix it with water?

Positively charged sodium ions and the negatively charged chloride ions attract each other to form a salt crystal.

Water dissolves salt because of the attraction between the water molecules and the ions in salt.

The attraction that the water molecules have for the ions overcomes the attraction the ions have for each another.

Water (H2O) molecules and Sodium Chloride (NaCl).

Molecular structure of saltwater

Notice the positively charged Hydrogen atoms attach to the negatively charged Chloride ions.

White is attracted to green in the first model.

Notice the negatively charged Oxygen atoms attach to the positively charged Sodium ions.

Red is attracted to whatever blueish purple (blurple) color Na+ is.

What happens to the matter when salt is dissolved in water?

Saltwater will still have the same mass salt and water separately, but we have made a chemical compound. The matter that the salt is made of is still there. We will do this experiment in class to show further proof of the conservation of matter.

Be sure to know these key ideas.

• Matter has mass and takes up space. All things in our universe are made of matter.

• Solid, Liquid, and Gas are the 3 states of matter. Plasma is #4 and found in lightning.

• Matter is made of atoms that are invisible.

• Atoms are made of even smaller particles that give them negative and positive charge.

• There are about 100 atoms that make up everything on our planet.

• Name a Natural and a Manufactured substance.

• Gold is a Pure Substance made only of gold atoms.

More things to know

• Conservation of matter means that matter can neither be created or destroyed.

• The chemical symbol for water is H2O.

• Temperature and Pressure affect matter by changing its state to a different phase.

• Atoms and elements are listed on the PERIODIC TABLE.

• Opposites attract. Positive attracts Negative and vice-versa.

• Jupiter is made of gas and is the largest planet.

• Earth is the only known planet to support life. Sun is a star. Moon is a satellite of Earth.

Few more things to know

• Saturn has a moon named Titan that has a thick atmosphere like Earth.

• It takes 24 hours for the Earth to spin all the around on its axis, which makes one Earth day.

• The sun makes up 99.% of the solar system's mass. It's as big as almost 1 million Earths.

• Gravity from the sun holds our solar system together.

• Know that other planets also have moons.

• Saturn has ice rings and Mars is red because it has a lot of Iron.

• 
  

Good Luck on the Assessment

Remember. We are here to learn and I will not make a test that is designed to hurt your grades. My tests will be more review over the concepts and material that we have been covering for days, plus you have this study guide, and class notes. I will ask that you think about and dig for the answers, because you have so many resources available to with distance learning. I will also curve the grades at first until we all get used to this new virtual learning style.