Phys. Sc. Chapter 2 Sec 1-2

Physical Science Chapter 2 Sec 1 and 2

Introduction to Matter

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

• Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes.

• A substance is a single kind of matter that is pure, meaning it has a certain kind of makeup (composition) and a specific set of properties.

• There are physical properties and chemical properties.

Multiple Choice

What is the study of the properties of matter and how matter changes?

• science

• chemistry

• mathematics

• physics

Multiple Choice

What is a single kind of matter that is pure, meaning it has a certain kind of makeup (composition) and a specific set of properties?

• substance

• element

• metal

• compound

Two kinds of properties:

• A physical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing out to a different substance.

• A chemical property is a characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to turn into a new substance.

• 
  

Multiple Choice

What is anything that has mass and takes up space?

• mass

• matter

• substance

• compound

Multiple Choice

What is a characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into a different substance?

• Chemical Property

• Physical Property

Multiple Select

What is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing to a different substance?

• chemical property

• physical property

Elements

• An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means.

• Elements are the simplest substances.

• All elements are documented on the periodic table of elements (can be found in back of textbook).

The idea of elements

• Empedocles from ancient Greece said in about 450 B.C. that matter was made of four elements: air,earth,fire,and water.

• This kind of idea was not really challenged for about 2000 years.

• 
  

Multiple Choice

Which one of these was not one of Empedocles four elements?

• hydrogen

• air

• earth

• fire

Multiple Choice

What are the simplest substances that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means called?

• compound

• mixture

• atom

• element

Atoms

• The basic particle from which all elements are made is the atom.

• The atom has a positively charged nucleus and is made of smaller particles called protons,neutrons, and electrons.

Combining atoms

• When atoms combine they form a chemical bond which is the force of attraction between two atoms.

• They often combine to form larger particles called molecules.

• A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Multiple Choice

What is the force of attraction that combines two atoms called?

• chemical property

• chemical change

• chemical trait

• chemical bond

Multiple Choice

What is a group of atoms held together by chemical bonds called?

• atom

• molecule

• compound

• element

Multiple Choice

What is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds?

• atom

• molecule

• substance

• mixture

Compounds and Mixtures

• A compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements combined in a set ratio.

• When two or more elements combined they formed compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements.

• A mixture is made of two or more substances that are together but not combined chemically.

• The parts of a mixture keep their properties and there is no set ratio of the parts.

Multiple Choice

What is a pure substance made of two or more elements combined in a set ratio?

• element

• compound

• mixture

• substance

Mixtures

• Mixtures are heterogeneous if you are able to see the individual parts.

• Mixtures are homogeneous if you can if they are evenly mixed so that you can't see the individual parts.

• A solution is an example of a homogeneous mixture.

• Compounds are much harder to separate than mixtures because the parts of a mixture keeps its own properties.

Multiple Select

A mixture is made of two or more substances combined how?

• chemically

• physically

Multiple Select

A mixture is made of two or more substances combined how?

• chemically

• physically

Multiple Select

When two or more elements combined they formed compounds having properties that are _________ those of the uncombined elements.

• the same as

• different from

Measuring Matter

Section 2

Weight and Mass

• Weight is the measure of the force of gravity on an object.

• Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

• Weight would change if I moved my object somewhere like into space, while mass would be the same because its the amount of matter.

Multiple Select

Which is the amount of matter in an object?

• mass

• weight

Multiple Select

Which is the measurement of gravity on an object?

• weight

• mass

Multiple Select

Which would change if I moved the object?

• weight

• mass

International System of Units

• The International System of Units is a system used by scientists to measure properties of matter.

• The SI unit for mass is the kilogram (kg).

Volume and Density

• Volume is a property that measures the amount of space that matter occupies.

• Volume is measured in liters(L), milli- liters(mL), or cubic centimeters.

• Density is a property that measures the amount of mass in a given volume.

• Density is measured in g/cm cubed.

Multiple Select

What is a property that measures the amount of space that matter occupies.

• volume

• density

Multiple Select

What is a property that measures the amount of mass in a given volume?

• density

• weight

Multiple Choice

What is the SI unit for mass?

• mL

• kg

• L

• mile

Multiple Select

What is easier to seperate?

• compound

• mixture