Macromolecules

Macromolecules

You will be using this Quizizz to review the biological macromolecules.

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates

• Made up of the elements Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

• They have carbon ring structures

• They are a source of quick energy for living things.

• They can also be used for energy storage, and for cellular structures

Carbohydrate Structure

Multiple Choice

How would you be able to recognize the structure of a carbohydrate?

• It has nitrogen in it

• It is made up of carbon rings

• It has phosphorus in it

• It is a double helix

Multiple Choice

What are some foods that have a lot of carbohydrates in them?

• Meat, cheese, eggs

• Olive oil, butter

• Bread, pasta, rice

Multiple Choice

What elements are found in carbohydrates?

• C,H,O,N

• C,H,O,N,P

• C,H,O

Lipids

• Also known as fats

• Made up of C,H,O: the carbon and hydrogen greatly outnumber the oxygen

• They are generally NOT soluble in water

• Lipids are a form of long term energy storage, as well as insulation, hormones, and a major component of cell membranes.

Fatty Acids

• Lipids are made up of the building blocks Glycerol and Fatty Acids

• Fatty acids may be saturate, unsaturated, or polyunsaturated.

• Saturation refers to whether the Carbons are "saturate" with Hydrogens.

• If there is a double bond between carbons, then the fatty acid will be unsaturated.

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Structure of lipids

Fatty Acids

The image shows saturated, unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids tend to be solid at room temperature, such as butter. Unsaturated fats tend to be liquid at room temperature, such as oils.

Multiple Choice

A fatty acid has all single bonds between the carbons, and each carbon is bonded to as many hydrogens as possible. What type of fatty acid is it?

• Saturated

• Unsaturated

• Polyunsaturated

Multiple Select

Which of the following foods is made up of mostly lipids?

• Olive oil

• butter

• lettuce

• rice

Multiple Choice

What elements are found in lipids?

• C,H,O

• C,H,O,N

• C,H,O,N,P

Multiple Choice

What are the 2 building blocks of lipids?

• Carbon rings

• Glycerol and fatty acids

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

Proteins

• Proteins are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

• The monomer for proteins is the amino acid.

• There are 20 different amino acids.

• Proteins can have many functions in living things: structural, enzymes, hormones, movement, immune system (antibodies)

Amino Acid structure

• Amino acids have an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an "R" group

• The R group is what makes each amino acid distinct

• There are 20 amino acids in humans: we are able to make 12 of them ourselves.

• The other 8 we must get from our diet; they are known as "essential" amino acids.

Multiple Choice

What elements are found in proteins?

• C,H,O

• C,H,O,N

• C,H,O,N,P

Multiple Select

Check all of the following that are functions of proteins.

• Quick energy

• Structural

• Enzymes

• Hormones

• Insulation

Multiple Choice

Some amino acids we must get from our diet. These are known as:

• Essential amino acids

• Basic amino acids

• Great amino acids

Multiple Choice

What part of amino acid structure determines which amino acid you have?

• Amino group

• Carboxyl group

• Hydrogen

• R group

Nucleic Acids

• Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

• The monomer is the nucleotide

• Nucleic acids may be either DNA or RNA

• They store and transmit genetic information

• Found in all living things

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleotide Structure

• Both DNA and RNA are made up of nucleotides

• Nucleotides have 3 parts: a pentose (5 sided) sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

• In the DNA double helix, the sugar and phosphate make up the sides of the "ladder", and the nitrogenous bases make up the "rungs".

Multiple Choice

What elements are nucleic acids made up of?

• C,H,O

• C,H,O, N

• C,H,O,N,P

Multiple Choice

What is the function of nucleic acids?

• Energy storage

• Enzymes

• Store and transmit genetic informations

• Cell membrane component

Multiple Choice

True or False: All living things have nucleic acids.

• True

• False