Earth and Space. Part 1

_{Earth and Space}

Revision

Order of the Universe in increasing size

• Satellite (moon included)

• Planet

• Sun (Star)

• Solar System

• Galaxy

• Universe

_{M, V, E, M, J, S, U, N ,P}

• The surface temperature of each plant depends upon its orbital distance from the Sun

• The length of a Year also depends on its orbital distance from the Sun

Other Information

• The asteroid (Kepler) belt is in between Mars and Jupiter

• The first 4 planets are known as the ROCK planets

• The next 5 are known as the GASEOUS planets

Seasons on Earth

The Earth rotates on a 23.5 degree axis (angle)

It takes 24 hours to rotate on its own axis (1 day)

365.25 days to orbit the Sun (I year)

The amount of light that reaches the Earth during certain points in its rotation coupled with the tilt, cause the seasons.

_{Weight = Mass x Gravity}

• The more mass an object has the stronger the gravitational pull that object exerts

• Your MASS never changes

• As GRAVITY changes WEIGHT will change

Multiple Choice

Which is the correct order. Smallest to largest?

• moon, Sun, galaxy universe

• sun, moon, planet, galaxy

• Moon, planet. solar system, Galaxy

• Moon, planet, galaxy, solar system,

Multiple Choice

which is the correct order?

• Mercury, Earth, Mars, Venus

• Venus, Mercury, Jupiter Saturn

• Mars, Mercury, Uranus, Pluto

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Pluto

Multiple Choice

What does the surface temperature of each planet depend on?

• How big the planet is

• What the planet is made from

• Distance from the Sun

• Distance to the next planet

Multiple Choice

What does the length of a year on a planet depend on?

• Orbital distance from the Sun

• Orbital distance from the next planet

• How far away its closest moon is

• How big the planet is

Open Ended

Which Hemisphere is the UK in?

Open Ended

What is the imaginary line around the centre of the Earth called?

Multiple Choice

What angle is the Earth tilted at?

• 22.5

• 23

• 23.5

• 22.5

Multiple Select

How many days are there in a Year on Earth?

• 365.25

• 366.25

• 265

• 265.5

Open Ended

Every 4 Years there is an extra day in February. We call this a leap year. Think about what you have just learnt, why do you think this happens?

Multiple Choice

At which point would it be Summer in the Uk?

• Left

• Right

• Top

• Bottom

Multiple Choice

At which point would it be Spring in the UK

• Left

• Right

• Top

• Bottom

Multiple Choice

At which point would it be Winter in the UK?

• Top

• Bottom

• Right

• Left

Multiple Choice

At which point would it be Autumn in the UK?

• Bottom

• Right

• Top

• Left

Open Ended

Gravity on Earth is roughly 10 N/Kg. My Mass is 47Kg.

What is my weight on Earth?

Include the Units!!!

Multiple Choice

Gravity on the Moon is 1.62 N/Kg. What is my Mass?

• 16.2 Kg

• 47Kg

• 76.14 Kg

• 0.47 Kg

Multiple Choice

Which factor can change the force of gravity

• Size and of the object and distance from another object

• Mass and size of the object

• What the object is made from and its mass

• Mass of the object and distance from another object

Eclipses

Eclipse of the Moon (Lunar)

• A lunar eclipse happens when the Earth comes in between the Sun and the Moon. This casts a shadow over the Moon.

• Lunar eclipses happen in most years

Eclipse of the Sun (Solar)

• A solar eclipse happens when the Moon comes in  between the Sun and the Earth. This casts a  shadow over the Earth.

• The last solar eclipse over the UK was on 11th August 1999. Solar eclipses don’t occur very often

• üThe next solar eclipse over the UK will be in September 2090!

Satellites

• Any object that orbits a larger object is called a satellite.

• Moons are natural satellites as they orbit planets.

• The satellites that we use for communications are known as artificial satellites.

The Moon

The Moon is the Earth's natural Satellite

It takes 28 days for one complete orbit of the Earth

The Moon causes the tides on Earth

The Moon is keep in position by the gravitational pull of Earth

Uses of Artificial Satellites (manmade)

•Scientific research

•Weather forecasting

•Communications

•Navigation

•Observing (looking at) Earth

•Military uses 

Geostationary Satellites

• Satellites spin around at the same speed as the Earth and stay above the same location on the Earth’s surface.

• Navigation

• Communication

• High orbit

• Slow orbital speed

• 1 orbit each day

Polar Orbit

• Satellites orbit around the poles, whilst the Earth spins underneath, allowing large areas of Earth to be seen.

• Weather

• Spying

• Low height of orbit

• Faster orbital speed

• 3-4 orbits each day

Multiple Choice

Which type of eclipse is this?

• Lunar

• Solar

Multiple Choice

Which type of eclipse is this?

• Solar

• Lunar

Open Ended

What are the two types of artificial satellite called?

Open Ended

Explain the position and movement (if any) of Polar orbit satellites. Include what they are used for

Open Ended

Explain the position and movement (if any) of geosynchronous satellites. Include what they are used for

Multiple Choice

the Milky Way

• is a star

• orbits the Earth

• is a planet

• is a galaxy

Multiple Choice

Artificial satellites or probes are not used to

• communicate between different parts of the Earth

• generate electricity for the Earth

  
  

• monitor weather on the Earth

• take a close-up photograph of Pluto

Open Ended

The diagram below is of the constellation (a grouping of stars in the night sky) called Orion. The stars are shown by the black circles. As time passes, the constellation moves across the night sky.

Suggest a reason to explain this observation.

Open Ended

The star labelled Rigel appears brighter than the other stars in the constellation.

Suggest two reasons why Rigel might appear brighter than the other stars.

Open Ended

State the force which keeps the Sun orbiting around the centre of the galaxy.

Open Ended

The Earth is one of the planets in our solar system.

Name one planet whose orbit lies between the Earth and the Sun.

Open Ended

Name one planet which is further away from the Sun than the Earth.

Multiple Choice

State, which of the four planets listed has the shortest day.

• Jupiter

• Mars

• Mercury

• Venus

Open Ended

The average surface temperature of Jupiter is -110 °C.

Evaluate the evidence from the table to explain why Jupiter is the coldest of the

planets listed.

Multiple Choice

Jupiter is described as a ‘gas giant’ but the other three planets are not described in this way.

Which column heading indicates that Jupiter is made from gas?

• time to rotate once, in hours

• average distance from the Sun, in millions of km

• average density, in kg/m3

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

The graph below shows the time of orbit for some of the planets in the solar system plotted against their distance from the Sun, measured in Earth orbits.

Name the planet marked A:

• mars

• Mercury

• Saturn

• Neptune

Open Ended

Describe how the time for one planetary orbit changes with increasing distance from the Sun.

Open Ended

On Pluto, an astronaut with a mass of 100kg would weigh about 70N compared to about 1000N on Earth.

Suggest why the astronaut would weigh so much less on Pluto compared with on Earth.