colonial leaders
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Social Studies
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5th Grade
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Timmie Ray
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Colonial Leaders
Who's Who of the Colonies
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Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson went to the Massachusetts Bay colony for religious freedom. The rules of the colony were very strict, so she decided to speak out against them. At that time, women in the colony had no rights to speak openly in public. Anne held meetings in her home for some of the community members to attend in order to speak out against the colony’s rules.
Worried about Hutchinson’s growing followers, the colony’s leaders tried many ways to make her stop spreading her beliefs. Finally, the leaders arrested her. She was accused of speaking out against the religion and rules of the colony.
She was judged guilty and forced to leave the colony. Hutchinson left the Massachusetts Bay colony in 1638. She lived in several colonies before settling down on Long Island. In 1643, the American Indians attacked the Long Island community. A number of the colonists were killed, including Anne Hutchinson.
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When John Smith heard of the Virginia Company’s plan to colonize the New World for profit, he was eager to be a part of it. The company sent a ship of colonists to America in 1606. They were to settle on land granted them by King James I. They landed in the spring of 1607 and named their colony Jamestown. Smith became a member of the colony’s governing council.
Their first winter was very cold and hard on them. They had trouble finding good, clean water to drink. They also were attacked by the American Indians in the area. Later in the winter, Smith and other colonists were taken prisoner by Chief Powhatan, who grew impressed with Smith’s bravery. The chief’s young daughter, Pocahontas helped in the tribe’s decision of what to do with John Smith. She may have been responsible for saving his life.
The men of the colony became lazy. They wouldn’t work and many went home to England. There wasn’t enough food or equipment for the colony to be successful. Finally, as president of the group, Smith made some very strict new rules for the colony. One rule was, “He who does not work, does not eat.”
Although the colony grew each year, Smith had to return to England in 1609. He never went back. He made several trips to New England, which he named. He died in 1631, at the age of 31
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Roger Williams
Roger Williams was born in England and grew up and became a minister who believed that people should be allowed to worship the way they wanted. Trying to find a place to live and practice his beliefs, he moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1631. He preached in several towns in the colony, but did not agree with the strict policies of the colony. The colony leaders banned him from the colony, but Williams was sick and winter was coming. The leaders agreed to let him stay until spring if he quit talking against their policies. However, Williams kept on trying to get other people to listen to him. In 1636, Williams walked through the snow from Salem for three days to get to the safety of friends in Narragansett Bay.
Williams moved his congregation to a piece of land he named Providence Plantation. He applied to the British Parliament for a charter to establish a new colony. He was granted a charter in 1643. Williams named it Rhode Island. The colony quickly grew as more people heard about the colony’s freedom of religion policy. The colony was safe from attacks because Roger Williams became good friends with the American Indian tribes in the area.
Rhode Island’s rules required that all civil matters be decided by majority vote of the heads of each household, regardless of his beliefs or religion. It was the first colony to separate government from religion. As the colony grew, the new towns were added to the system of government.
Roger Williams died in Rhode Island in 1684.
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William Bradford
William Bradford attended a religious service of the Separatists at an early age and became interested in helping them “separate” from the Church of England. This was a dangerous idea because everyone in England at that time had to belong to the Church of England.
Because the Separatists were threatened with prison for their beliefs in England, Bradford moved with them to the Netherlands where they were welcomed. They lived there for 12 years before the Dutch government began having problems with their religion. The group decided to move to America and build a colony north of Virginia. Not everyone was able to go on the voyage, including their pastor, John Robinson.
Bradford took on most of the responsibilities for leading the group to the New World. He kept a journal of his decisions and thoughts called Of Plymouth Plantation.
To make their journey, they boarded the small ship called The Mayflower. The 102 passengers included many children, teens, and women expecting babies. The trip across the Atlantic Ocean was cold and stormy. Many of the passengers were seasick the whole sixty-five days at sea. Storms blew the ship off course and they landed in what is now New England. They were tired and many were sick, so they decided to stay on the ship until warmer weather. They decided to call the group the “Pilgrims” because of their long journey.
While they waited for spring, 1620, they called a meeting to decide on the rules of the colony, meaning the group became a “body politic.” These rules were called The Mayflower Compact. This was the first written set of rules or government in America.
After looking for a place to settle, the Pilgrims settled on a harbor they named Plymouth. The first year was very hard for them. Many grew ill and died. They named this year “The Starving Time.” During all of this, William Bradford was very active in making decisions and helping his fellow Pilgrims. By the spring of 1621, when The Mayflower, sailed back to England, none of the Pilgrims chose to return. With the help of the American Indians, they learned to plant the right crops and to hunt. The colony grew as more people arrived.
William Bradford was governor of the colony for a total of thirty-six years. The colony had very strict rules and did not tolerate any other religions. But the colony did very well.
William Bradford died in1657, at the age of sixty-seven.
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William Penn
After becoming a famous and persecuted Quaker in England, William Penn went to America in 1682. His group was given a charter by King Charles II for a colony named Pennsylvania. Penn hoped that other Quakers would join them. As proprietor of the colony, Penn would own all of the land, but he needed to report often to the king. The colony of Pennsylvania was name by King Charles II and meant “Forest of Penn.”
In 1682, Penn and the Quakers founded the city of Philadelphia, sometimes called “The City of Brotherly Love.” He wanted the colony to respect religious tolerance and treat women as equals with men, very different ideas for the time.
William Penn served as governor with limited powers. He worked with a council of seventy-two members. They suggested laws and rules for the colony. The General Assembly consisted of up to five hundred members. Their job was to decide if the Council’s suggestions became laws or not. Governor Penn could decide if new laws or rules were good.
Penn established very good relations with the American Indians in Pennsylvania. He even learned several of their languages so he could make treaties with them.
Pennsylvania continued to grow in population over the years because they welcomed people of all nations and religions. For many years, Philadelphia was America’s largest city. It had many newspapers. It was also where Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and delegates from other states drafted the U. S. Constitution in 1787.
William Penn died in 1718.
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Who was the governor of the Plymouth Colony?
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Colonial Leaders
Who's Who of the Colonies
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