Chapter 3 Matter, Energy and Ecosystem Dynamics

Chapter 3 Matter, Energy and Ecosystem Dynamics

Multiple Choice

Earth’s life-support system consists of four main spherical systems—the air, water, living things, and the ____.

• troposphere

• biosphere

• hydrosphere

• geosphere

Multiple Choice

About how much energy is lost with each transfer from one trophic level to the next?

• 10%

• 0%

• 90%

• 35%

Multiple Choice

Bacteria and fungi are typically categorized as ____.

• primary consumers

• decomposers

• autotrophs

• Producers

Multiple Choice

Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by ____.

• bacteria

• legumes

• algae

• Protozoa

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best represents the process of photosynthesis?

• carbon dioxide + glucose + solar energy → water + oxygen

• oxygen + glucose + solar energy → carbon dioxide + water

• carbon dioxide + water + solar energy → glucose + oxygen

• oxygen + glucose → solar energy + carbon dioxide + water

Multiple Choice

If the biomass of flowers that support the butterflies was known to contain 100,000 units of energy, and certain bird species were eating the butterflies that foraged on the flowers, what amount of energy, on average, could be expected to be transferred to the birds?

• 10 units of energy

• 10,000 units of energy

• 100 units of energy

• 1,000 units of energy

Multiple Choice

A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular place is a(n) ____.

• population

• ecosystem

• organism

• community

Multiple Choice

Carbon is cycled through the biosphere via ____.

• photosynthesis and aerobic (cellular) respiration

• fuel combustion and decomposition

• Soil, bacteria and precipitation

• volcanic activity and organic decay

Multiple Choice

Food chains and food webs show how producers, consumers, and decomposers are connected to one another as chemical energy flows through different ____ in an ecosystem.

• trophic levels

• energy pyramids

• life-support systems

• Biospheres

Multiple Choice

The air people breathe resides in the lowermost layer of the atmosphere called the ____.

• stasosphere

• geosphere

• troposphere

• ozone layer

Multiple Choice

Photosynthesis is performed by ____.

• detritivores

• producers

• decomposers

• Consumers

Multiple Choice

The process by which gasses in the atmosphere helps to heat the planet.

• The Greenhouse effect

• The Carbon Cycle

• The Nitrogen Cycle

• The Phosphorus Cycle

Multiple Choice

An animal that eats both plants and animals.

• Detrivore

• Decomposer

• Ominvore

• Carnivore

Multiple Choice

An organism’s feeding level within an ecosystem.

• Tropical system

• Trophic Level

• Biosphere

• Ecosystem

Multiple Choice

Includes all of the water on or near the Earth’s Surface

• Biosphere

• Hydrosphere

• Cryosphere

• Anthrosphere

Multiple Choice

The sequence of organisms in which each organism is a source of nutrients or energy for the next level of organisms is known as a(an):

• Food Web

• Food Chain

• Food Supply

• Food Sourcing

Multiple Choice

A complex interconnected network of food chains is known as

• Food symbiosis

• Food Web

• Food Chain

• Food Production

Multiple Choice

Organism that eats mostly green plants or algae. Examples include deer, sheep, grasshoppers, and zooplankton:

• Carnivore

• Ominvore

• Herbivore

• Detrivore

Multiple Choice

Animal that can use both plants and other animals as food sources. Examples include pigs, rats, and humans.

• Omnivore

• Carnivore

• Detrivore

• Herbivore

Multiple Choice

Consumer organism that feeds on detritus— freshly dead organisms. Examples include earthworms, some insects, hyenas, and vultures.

• Omnivore

• Carnivore

• Detrivore

• Herbivore

Multiple Choice

Consumer that feeds on both primary and secondary consumers.

• Horrovore

• Tertiary Consumer

• Detrivore

• Primary Producer

Multiple Choice

Organism such as a plant that makes the food it needs from compounds in soil, carbon dioxide, air, and water by using the energy of sunlight.

• Consumer

• Producer

• Net Primary Production

• Gross Primary Production

Multiple Choice

All of the gaseous liquid, and solid water on or near Earth’s surface.

• Stratosphere

• Geosphere

• Biosphere

• Hydrosphere

Multiple Choice

Lowest layer of the atmosphere and the only layer suitable for terrestrial life. Weather occurs in this layer.

• Stratosphere

• Geosphere

• Troposphere

• Hydropshere

Multiple Choice

Continual movement of the elements and compounds that make up nutrients through air, water, soil, rock, and living organisms within ecosystems. The process is driven by energy from the sun and by Earth’s gravity.

• Nutrient Cycle

• Carbon Cycle

• Phosphorous Cycle

• Nitrogen Cycle

Multiple Choice

Cycle that collects, purifies, and distributes Earth’s fixed supply of water.

• Surface Runoff

• Aquifer

• Hydrologic Cycle

• Nitrogen Cycle

Multiple Choice

Porous, water-saturated layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock in which groundwater collects.

• Aquifer

• Hydrologic Cycle

• Nitrogen Fixation

• Nutrient Cycle

Multiple Choice

Cyclic movement of nitrogen in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment.

• Carbon Cycle

• Nutrient Cycle

• Hydrologic Cycle1

• Nitrogen Cycle

Multiple Choice

Cyclic movement of phosphorus through water, Earth’s crust, and living organisms.

• Nitrogen Cycle

• Phosphorous Cycle

• Carbon Cycle

• Nutrient Cycle

Multiple Choice

Precipitation that falls on land and flows over land surfaces into streams, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and the ocean, where it can evaporate and repeat the hydrologic cycle.

• Surface Runoff

• Carbon Cycle

• Nitrogen Cycle

• Hydrologic Cycle

Multiple Choice

The total amount of energy that is available to the environment is known as

• Net Primary Production

• Total energy loss

• Gross Primary Production

• Tertiary primary Production

Multiple Choice

Annie was saw a rattlesnake capture and kill a field mouse, she was watching a ___________ consumer eat a ___________ consumer.

• Primary; tertiary

• Secondary; tertiary

• Tertiary; quantery

• Tertiary; primary

Multiple Choice

A _________________________ is a group of organisms that eat each other via trophic levels, while a _____________________ is a group of food chains and how they interact.

• Food chain; Food Web

• Food grouping; Semi-cluster

• Nutrient cycle; carbon sequestration

• Carbon fixation; nutrient filter

Multiple Choice

The law of conservation of matter states that whenever matter undergoes a physical or chemical change, ___________________________.

• Atoms can be created but not destroyed

• Atoms cannot be created or destroyed

• Atoms can be destroyed and recombined

• Atoms can be created and destroyed

Multiple Choice

What statement best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

• Heat (energy) cannot be created nor destroyed

• Heat is a form of kinetic energy.

• Atoms cannot be created or destroyed

• Solar energy is converted into chemical energy in living systems.

Multiple Choice

Matter is best described as ____________________.

• Thermodynamic

• Something that has the capacity to do work

• Positively charged

• Anything that has mass and takes up space

Multiple Choice

The second law of thermodynamics says that whenever energy is converted from one form into another in a physical or chemical change, ____________.

• Some energy (heat) is lost to the surrounding environment

• Energy is lost as electromagnetic waves

• Matter is not created nor destroyed

• Some high-quality energy is converted into low quality energy

Multiple Choice

______________________ is the capacity to do work.

• Energy

• Work

• Potential energy

• Thermal energy