WPL-OIL-Water Test Redemption

WPL-OIL-Water Test Redemption

Good luck! Remember to refer back to the slides before answering questions.

WPL: Deserts

•The desert areas are not a favorable place to live due to the extremely hot and arid climate.

•Food and water is difficult to find; however, oases provide a temporary water source.

•Bedouins (desert nomads) have called the desert home for thousands of years.

Nomadic Herding

•Many herd sheep, camel, and goat. They trade animals and hand-made goods with people who live in towns along the desert’s edge.

•Most of the land in the Arabian Peninsula is used for Nomadic Herding.

•Since the discovery of oil, most people have left the desert behind and moved to cities.

WPL-Rivers

•Cities are built near rivers to take advantage of the scarce water sources in Southwest Asia

•Farmers grow crops by rivers and in river valleys because they provide a source of irrigation.

•Rivers also provide a good source of food (fish).

WPL-River Harbors

•Deep-sea harbor increases the population around port cities.

•There are employment opportunities in transportation, shipbuilding, and repair.

•Turkey has major port cities along the Aegean, Black, and Mediterranean Seas.

•Saudi Arabia has port cities along the Red Sea and Persian Gulf.

Multiple Choice

Turkey has harbor cities along all BUT the

• Arabian Sea

• Black Sea

• Mediterranean Sea

• Aegean

Multiple Choice

How is the land used in the majority of the Arabian Peninsula?

• Mining

• Pumping oil

• Fishing

• Nomadic Herding

Multiple Choice

Which area provides a wider variety of jobs?

• Rivers

• Deserts

Water Pollution

• Many countries in Southwest Asia are experiencing the increasing problem of water pollution. 

• Farmers have begun using chemical fertilizers that run off from the fields and contaminate water supplies.

• Chemicals also lead to salt build-up in the soil, which eventually makes farming in those areas impossible.

Water Scarcity

• Less than 1% of the world’s fresh water is available to the area’s inhabitants (5% of the world’s population).

• The lack of water in the Middle East causes major conflict between the countries.

• Jordan is one of the ten most water scarce countries in the world. Citizens can only get water two days a week.

Turkey

• Turkey has a “water advantage” over other Middle Eastern countries because the Tigris and Euphrates rivers form here.

• Turkey has developed the Southeastern Anatolia Project, which consists of 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric plants along the Euphrates River.

• Do you think that providing clean water to Turkey's citizen improves their lifestyle? Yes!!

Negative of Dams

• The dams that Turkey built along the Euphrates have greatly reduced the amount of water reaching Syria (40% less).

• Syria already suffers from food shortages, and irrigating new land is extremely difficult with the diminished water supply from the Euphrates.

• In order to keep some water in the country, Syria has also built dams along the river.

• This has reduced the river’s flow into Iraq, thus causing more conflict.

Desalination

• Saudi Arabia has built a number of desalination plants that provide most of the country’s drinking water.

  
  

• Desalination is the process of taking salt out of seawater and using it for drinking water. 

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Multiple Choice

How have dams affected water in Syria

• It has provided clean water

• It created a water surplus

• It created a water shortage

• It created a beach

Multiple Choice

Which country is one of the ten most water scarce countries in the world?

• Israel

• Turkey

• Jordan

• Iran

Multiple Choice

How does Saudi Arabia provide water for the citizens in the country?

• Saudi Arabia trades oil for water with Turkey.

• Underground tunnels draw water from the Euphrates River.

• They have built some of the largest desalination plants.

• They import water from other countries.

Discovery of Oil

• Oil was discovered in Persia (now Iran) in 1908.

• Traditional ways of life are disappearing as the oil industry develops and modernizes the region.

• Southwest Asia has the world’s largest known oil reserves, and Saudi Arabia and Iran have the largest deposits of oil.

Impact of Oil

• Because so many countries need oil, Southwest Asia’s oil-producing countries have taken control of the global economy.

• Money from oil sales has been used to better the lives of the people in the oil-producing countries.

• Many Southwest Asian countries have become dependent on oil sales.

• Israel is one of the few countries that is not dependent on oil sales. They have invested in human capital and technology.

OPEC

• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

• Member nations: Algeria, Angola, Congo, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Venezuela

• Their purpose is to regulate (control) the price of oil on the market and stabilize oil markets to ensure regular supply of oil.

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Wealth & Unequal Distribution

• Saudi Arabia & other countries along the Persian Gulf coast have a lot of oil and are all wealthy countries.

• Some countries have grown very rich due to their oil production (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait), while countries without oil are struggling.

• The drastic difference in the distribution of oil wealth has led to many conflicts among Southwest Asian nations.

Multiple Choice

How has the discovery of oil in some Southwest Asian countries affected the economic development of this area?

• Those countries with oil reserves are much richer than those countries that have not found oil in their territory.

• Having oil has made very little difference in the economy of this region.

• The discovery of oil has meant that no other industries have developed in the region.

Multiple Choice

What is one function of OPEC in the world?

• recycling oil

• regulating the supply and price of oil

• starting wars over oil

• stealing oil

Multiple Choice

Why are oil and water such important resources in the Middle East?

• There is a surplus of both resources in region.

• There is a shortage of both resources in region.

• There is a scarce amount of oil and a surplus of water in the region.

• There is a surplus of oil and water is scarce in the region.