HIV and AIDS

HIV and AIDS

Overview of HIV and AIDS

Open Ended

What is something you have heard regarding HIV and/or AIDS?

What does HIV stand for?

What does AIDS stand for?

What is HIV?

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus

• Virus that attacks the immune system in humans.

• Makes the immune system weaker so it is more difficult to stay healthy and fight off other infections.

What is AIDS?

• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

• Another way of saying that someone’s immune system is very weak or that they are quite sick as a result of HIV infection.

• Occurs at a later stage of HIV infection

• Because AIDS is a syndrome, not an infection, people cannot transmit AIDS to each other.

Open Ended

Compare and contrast the difference between HIV and AIDS. List at least two differences/similarities.

Multiple Choice

What is the main effect of HIV?

• It attacks and destroys liver tissue.
• It causes painful blisters to appear around the genitals.
• It slowly destroys the immune system.
• It causes the immune system to overreact to pathogens.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes AIDS?

• A virus that slowly destroys the immune system

• A disease that is due to a weakened immune system

• A bacterial infection that causes opportunistic infections

• A virus similar to HIV

HIV vs AIDS

• HIV is a preventable viral STI. 

• HIV is the virus that can cause AIDS if left untreated.

• HIV can be transmitted from one person to another through specific activities.

• AIDS cannot be transmitted and can be prevented.

• If HIV is not kept under control with medication, it can weaken a person’s immune system

Multiple Choice

HIV IS A

• VIRUS

• BACTERIA

Multiple Choice

WHAT DOES THE "A" IN AIDS STAND FOR?

• AUTO

• ACQUIRED

• AWESOME

Multiple Choice

AIDS is caused by

• the human imunodeficiency virus, or VIH

• the human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV

• infected fluids

• sex

Multiple Choice

Combinations of ______ can fight HIV in different ways.

• drugs

• needles

• hope and love

• T and B cells

HIV/AIDS Stats

• Highest rates: South Africa, Nigeria, India, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and the United States of America

• The US has a fairly high number of people living with HIV compared to other countries in North America and Europe.

• Every 9 ½ minutes someone in the US becomes infected with HIV. 40% of new infections in the US are among youth ages 13-29. 

Open Ended

Based on the images from the two previous slides and statistical information:

Why do you think there are different rates of HIV around the world? What do you think might affect the rates of HIV?

HIV Infection

• People with HIV are living longer and healthier lives than ever before.

• There are also now medications to PREVENT HIV infection-

• 1. before exposure (PrEP: Pre Exposure Prophylaxis)

• 2. after exposure (PEP: Post Exposure Prophylaxis)

Understanding HIV

• Over 1 million people are living with HIV in the US. 1 out of every 5 of those people (20%) do not know they have HIV.

• HIV Negative = No HIV detected on last test

• HIV Negative and on PrEP = No HIV detected on last test

• HIV Positive = HIV detected during last HIV test

• HIV Positive and Undetectable = HIV detected on last HIV test and treatment used daily to prevent transmission to others

Open Ended

Based on the information above, answer the following questions. Why do you think some groups are disproportionately affected by HIV?

Open Ended

Based on the information above, answer the following questions. Why do you think so many people are unaware of their infection status?

Open Ended

Based on the information above, answer the following questions. How can knowing your status prevent HIV transmission?

How HIV Affects the Body

• HIV enters the body and takes over cells in the body and starts to reproduce.

• The cells that HIV hijacks are called T-cells, which are an important part of the body’s immune system.

• The body reacts by producing antibodies which try to fight HIV.

• The antibodies may cause the body to run a fever or experience flu-like symptoms during the first few days of HIV infection.

How HIV Affects the Body Cont.

• HIV destroys the T-cells that it takes over and prevents them from protecting the body from other diseases.

• This means that someone who has HIV will have fewer and fewer T-cells over time if they have no treatment.

• A person with a healthy body has about 600-1000 T-cells per mm3 of blood. A person will be considered to have AIDS if their T-cell count is 200 or below. 

Multiple Choice

True or False: AIDS attacks T cells which results in HIV.

• True

• False

HIV Symptoms

• Symptoms of HIV may not appear for years.

• A person can spread the virus to others whether or not they have symptoms

• Symptomatic HIV may include diarrhea, headaches, weight loss, night sweats, fever, tiredness, and swollen lymph glands.

HIV Symptoms Cont.

• After a number of years without any treatment, AIDS-defining illnesses and infections may begin to occur.

• These illnesses can include various cancers and infections.

• These illnesses are often called ‘opportunistic infections’ because they take advantage of a person’s weakened immune system.

Multiple Choice

HIV symptoms are always known and present.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

True or False: HIV can be spread without showing signs or symptoms.

• True

• False

Open Ended

Why is it so important to get tested for HIV? Describe in at least two sentences.

HIV Transmission

• Fluids of Transmission:

• BLOOD BREASTMILK

• SEMEN (CUM)

• PRE-EJACULATE (PRE-CUM)

• VAGINAL FLUIDS

• BREASTMILK

• HIV cannot be transmitted through sweat, tears, spit, or urine. 

HIV Transmission Cont.

• HIV can enter the body through:

• LINING OF THE ANUS OR RECTUM

• LINING OF THE VAGINA AND/OR CERVIX

• OPENING TO THE PENIS

• MOUTH THAT HAS SORES OR BLEEDING GUMS

• CUTS OR SORES

• 
  

Multiple Select

Which of the following are ways HIV can be spread? Check all that apply.

• Fluids

• Bodily Contact

• Abstinence

• Sharing of Needles

Multiple Select

Which of the following are NOT ways HIV can be spread? Check all that apply.

• Swimming Pools

• Bodily Contact

• Abstinence

• Sharing of Needles

Reduce Risk of HIV

• Using barrier methods – Barrier methods prevent the sharing of bodily fluids through usage of condoms.

• Knowing the status of sex partner(s) – Before engaging in sexual activities, someone can ask their partner what their HIV status is.

• Avoid sharing needles – Blood can be shared if needles are shared for tattoos, piercings, or injection drug use. Always use “clean” needles.

• PrEP - for people who do not have HIV but who are at substantial risk of getting it to prevent HIV infection by taking a pill

Open Ended

Why is it important to know the risks of HIV and AIDS?

Open Ended

Describe three things that you learned about from this presentation.

Poll

I am able to describe the risks associated with HIV and AIDS.

• Yes

• No

• I'm not paying attention.

Poll

I am able to compare and contrast the differences between HIV and AIDS

• Yes

• No

• What is HIV and AIDS?