Standard 5A and 5B Review

Standard 5A and 5B Review

Replacement Test coming!!!!!

Standard 5A

• Plan and carry out investigations and analyze data to support explanations about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems.

• (Clarification statement: Factors include population size, carrying capacity, response to

  limiting factors, and keystone species.)

Limiting factor - anything that limits the size of a population

• Density-Dependent -factor that is biotic and affects only large populations. Examples include: competition, predation, parasitism...

• Density-Independent - abiotic factor that affects all populations equally regardless of size. Examples include: weather, fire, and human distrubances

Carrying Capacity

It is the total number of organisms that an ecosystem can support, and it can be changed based on the availability of resources. The carrying capacity is one of the main in determining how large a population may become. As a population approaches its carrying capacity growth slows down and the population steadies, if you go over your carrying capacity your death rate will rise.

Factors that effect population growth and size

• Emigration - number of people moving out of an area (-)

• Immigration - number of people moving into an area (+)

• Natality - birth rate of a population (+)

• Mortality - death rate of a population (-)

Keystone Species

• This is the key organism in any community that keeps everything in balance

• If the keystone species were to be killed it would throw off the balance of the ecosystem and it may crash.

Population Growth Models

Human Population Growth

Biodiversity

• Total number of species that exist on earth

• Humans are causing it to decrease

• This causes loses in medicines, food, and other goods.

Multiple Choice

What is the best explanation for why the population shows shows this type of growth curve?

• Exponential; resources were unlimited

• Logistic; resources became limited

• Logistic; resources were unlimited

• Exponential; resources became limited.

Multiple Choice

The largest number of individuals an ecosystem can support is called...

• abiotic factors

• population dispersion

• carrying capacity

• population density

Multiple Choice

Which of the following would be considered a density-dependent limiting factor?

• drought

• fire

• hurricane

• disease

Multiple Choice

In the picture, which of the following is considered an biotic factor?

• water

• soil

• plants

• sunlight

Multiple Choice

Each species of yucca plant is pollinated exclusively by one species of yucca moth. This moth cannot complete its life cycle in any other plant, as its larvae can only grow in the yucca flower. Which of these terms best describes the relationship between the moth and the plant?

• mutualistic

• commensalistic

• competition

• predation

Multiple Select

As biodiversity increases, (choose two answers)

• ecosystem resilience increases

• ecosystems are unaffected by biodiveristy

• human disturbances increase

• ecosystem and species varieties decrease

• species survival rates increase

Multiple Choice

All of the living organisms that you would find in a swamp would make up that swamps ________________

• population

• kingdom

• community

• species

Multiple Choice

Which of the following shows the correct order of ecological organization?

• organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

• organism, community, population, ecosystem, biome, biosphere

• organism, ecosystem, community, population, biome, biosphere

Multiple Choice

A populations emigration in one month totaled 23 individuals. During the same period, immigration was 45 individuals. Natality was 75 individuals and mortality was 22 due to a parasite infection. What was the net effect on populaton size?

• +0

• +50

• +75

• +100

Multiple Choice

What event triggered exponential population growth in humans?

• Black Plague

• Industrial revolution

Multiple Choice

Animals like that establish and defend their territories create what type of dispersion pattern?

• uniform

• clumped

• random.

Standard 5B

•  Develop and use models to analyze the cycling of matter and flow of energy within ecosystems through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Arranging components of a food web according to energy flow. Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid. Explaining the need for cycling of major biochemical elements (C, O, N, P, and H).

Flow of Energy vs. Cycling of matter

Carbon Cycle

• Photosynthesis absorbs Carbon

• Cell Respiration releases carbon

Nitrogen Cycle

• Nitrogen fixation - takes nitrogen from atmosphere and uses bacteria to turn it in to a usable form

• Denitrification - return nitrogen to atmosphere using bacteria

• Atmosphere has a major reservoir of Nitrogen, but we can't use it until it gets into food chain.

• We need nitrogen to make amino acids and nucleic acids.

Phosphorus Cycle

• Process using weather and erosion to put phosphorus into the food chain

Food Chain

• Shows a one way path of energy transfer

• Always begins with a producer and passes 10% of an organisms energy as it moves from one organisms to the other.

Food Web

Shows all possible feeding relationships within an ecosystem. Transfers 10% of the energy from one organism to the next and begins with autotroph

Energy Pyramid

Shows how energy moves in an ecosystem. As you move up you decrease by 10%

Multiple Choice

Which will most likely occur if the number of grasshoppers decreases?

• The mouse population will decrease

• The grass population will decrease

• The frog population will increase

• The ant population will increase

Multiple Choice

As energy flows through an ecosystem roughly __ is passed from one organism to the next.

• 10%

• 90%

• 75%

• 25%

Multiple Select

Which of the following processes returns water back to the atmosphere during the water cycle? Choose Two:

• runoff

• transpiration

• condensation

• precipitation

• evaporation

Multiple Choice

Which process in the carbon cycle takes the longest to complete?

• respiration in animals

• emission of waste

• formation of fossil fuels

• photosynthesis in plants.

Multiple Choice

What is a process that transfers phosphorus between an abiotic system and a biotic system?

• a plant absorbing phosphorus from the soil

• an herbivore consuming a plant

• weathering of rocks releases phosphorus into the soul

• a carnivore consuming an herbivore

Multiple Choice

In which process is nitrogen from the air put into a form that plants can use?

• denitrification

• nitrogen saturation

• nitrification

• nitrogen fixation

Multiple Choice

Which statement correctly describes part of the carbon cycle?

• The amount of carbon in the atmosphere decreaes when igneous rocks form

• The amount of carbon in the ocean decreases when fossil fuels are burned

• The amount of carbon in the soil increases when plants decay

• The amount of carbon in the atmosphere increases when photosynthesis occurs.

Multiple Choice

Which best describes the exchange of energy between heterotrophs?

• organisms obtain energy by eating other organisms

• They obtain energy by absorbing sunlight

Multiple Choice

What do you call the first living member of any food chain?

• autotroph

• heterotroph

Multiple Choice

An energy pyramid shows feeding relationships in an Oregon coastline ecosystem. According to the energy pyramid, about how many calories would be available to the Halibut if the sargassum seaweed stored 576,000 calories

• 57,600 calories

• 0 calories

• 5,760 calories

• 576 calories

Multiple Choice

The main difference between energy in the biosphere and matter in the biosphere is that?

• their is no difference

• matter flows in a one way path, while energy is lost to outer space

• matter is recycled, while energy flows in a one way path

• energy is always lost from ecosystems and can't be regained, while matter remains constant.